Saint Phanourios the Great Martyr and Newly-Revealed of Rhodes

Prologue.

Saint Fanourios is without doubt an important and holy youthful figure, who stands out in a par-ticular way among the other Saints of Christianity, as he is not only honoured on a single date, but the faithful often make use of the well-known “fanouropita” (Fanourios cake).

Saint Fanourios, who lived during Roman times, went up bravely against the idolatric world, for the Christian spirit of this man of God did not allow him to deny his unquestionably virtuous prin-ciples. Thus, the 12 tortures that the Saint suffered constitute for us a strong motivation for per-severance and adherence to the moral values of Christianity, to come out victors from the in-cessant struggle of unbelief and injustice of our time. This Saint teaches us with his real sacrifice that even though we do not struggle against Roman soldiers and vile Hagarenes, still we have to confront the more skillfully set traps of materialism and atheism, that attempt en masse to overwhelm the Christian order.

Saint Fanourios also taught us that the crown of a virtuous life is not easily won but only through continuous tests – with boldness, patience and perseverance. Therefore, as true fighters of the faith let us imitate the exemplary and irreproachable life of the Saint, so that we too may be found worthy to honour the Christian name we bear, as he so fittingly did.

Saint Fanourios

1. General overview of his life.

Nothing certain is known concerning the lineage and the life of Saint Fanourios because all the information about his life was lost during turbulent times.

The only information we have concerning the Saint is the discovery of his icon, around 1500 AD according to the Synaxarion, or according to other sources around 1355-1369 AD. Some main-tain that the icon of the Saint was found in Rhodes but others say in Cyprus.

2. The discovery of the icon

Let us return to the past, when the Hagarenes (i.e. Muslims) ruled Rhodes and had decided to rebuild the wall of the city, which they so barbarically demolished and leveled a few years pre-viously.

They started to send workers outside the south part of the citadel to gather stones from the semi-ruined houses of the inhabitants, to rebuild the new and strong walls of the city. Among the ruins they discovered a most beautiful church which was partially destroyed on one side. Inside they discovered a multitude of icons, which over the course of time the faces of the Saints as well as the inscriptions on them were indistinguishable.

Only one magnificent icon stood apart from the rest, one that time did not affect, which depicted a youth dressed as a soldier. The Metropolitan of Rhodes, Nilus, went immediately to the site and clearly read the name of the Saint, Fanourios. The Metropolitan, moved by the appearance of the saint, saw that he was dressed as a Roman Soldier, holding a cross in his left hand and a lit candle in his right. Around the icon the iconographer had also painted the twelve depictions of the martyrdom that the saint had suffered, clearly telling his life.

These depictions are as follows:

1. The Saint is present in front of the Roman magistrate, standing and looking like he is boldly testifying and defending his Christian faith.

2. Here the soldiers are intervening and striking Fanourios’ head and the mouth with stones to force him to succumb and deny the Lord.

3. The soldiers have thus far become enraged by the persistence of Fanourios, throwing him to the ground and beating him mercilessly with sticks and clubs to break his steadfast resistance.

4. Fanourios is in jail and is being tortured in a most abominable way. He appears totally naked and the surrounding soldiers are tearing his flesh with sharp metal instruments. The Saint is silently enduring his frightful martyrdom.

5. Fanourios is back in jail praying to God to strengthen him to the end of his tortures.

6. The Saint is again brought before the Roman magistrate to give a defense for his posi-tion. By the peaceful expression on his face it appears that neither the tortures he suf-fered nor the future threats of the tyrant can shake his faith, and thus being undeterred he is waiting for further tortures.

7. The torturers of Fanourios with rage and cruelty are burning his naked body with lit torches, thus showing his insuperable sacrifice for the Crucified One. The Saint wins again with his indomitable will and fortitude for the Lord.

8. Here his savage torturers are making use of mechanical means to achieve the worse of his tortures. They have tied the Saint on a press which crushes his bones when rotated. He is suffering without grumbling, but on his beautiful face there is an inexpressible exul-tation since he is suffering for the sake of the Lord.

9. Fanourios is cast into a pit to become prey to wild beasts and his torturers are watching from above to witness his end. The beasts, however, are totally docile through the grace of God and silently surround him like lambs to enjoy his magnificent company.

10. The torturers were not satisfied by the latest result so they removed him from the hole and are crushing him under a huge rock, convinced that they will finish him off. However, even this time they do not succeed.

11. The scene presents the Saint in front of an altar, where the torturers are urging him to sacrifice, placing burning coal in his hands. Fanourios also passes this test victoriously and a devil in the form of a dragon is shown flying in the air and crying over its failure.

12. The last scene is the end of his martyrdom, with Fanourios being cast into a large furnace standing on a stool and surrounded by flames and smoke. The Saint seems to be praying intently to God, without complaining or grumbling, and thus unwavering and without giving in, he flew to heaven, full of contentment for all the tortures he had suffered for the sake of the Lord.

3. The Erection of the Church.

The then Metropolitan of the island, Nilus, after carefully studying the icon that was found, pronounced that Fanourios was one of the most significant great martyrs of our Faith. He immediately dispatched a delegation to the ruler of the island and to ask him for a permit to erect a church. However, when the ruler refused the Metropolitan himself went to Constanti-nople and managed to obtain from the Sultan the permit he sought. He soon returned to Rhodes and built the church exactly on its old spot, outside the walls. The Church survives to this day and is a sacred shrine for all Christians.

4. Information from the discovery of the icon.

Observing the icon of Saint Fanourios that was found in Rhodes we can conclude many sig-nificant points which are as follows:

1. When we read the name of the Saint on the icon we conclude immediately that he was of Greek ancestry.

2. We also conclude that his parents were pious to give him such a Christian name (which means “Revealer”).

3. The youth would have been very educated to become a military officer.

4. We also reckon that the martyrdom of Saint Fanourios occurred during the second or third century when the persecutions of the Christians were at their peak.

5. Fanourios has obviously proven to be a great martyr from the many horrible tortures he suffered.

6. For there to be such a church found in Rhodes, we are also certain that he was honoured in churches by the pious Christians from the time of his martyrdom.

7. From the depiction of the Saint on the icon it appears that Saint Fanourios martyred at a young age.

5. Miracles of the Saint

Saint Fanourios worked many miracles for the pious who called upon his name and one of them was the following:

At one point in its history, Crete was occupied by the Latins (1204-1669 AD) who had their own Archbishop and for this reason they tried by all means to lead the inhabitants of the isl-and to Catholicism (Papism).

The Latins took an oppressive measure against Orthodoxy by banning the ordination of priests in Crete, forcing the Cretans to go over to the island of Tsirigo (Kethyra) to be or-dained by an Orthodox hierarch who served there.

At some point, three deacons set off from Crete for Tsirigo and having been ordained priests there, they were joyously returning to their tormented enslaved island. To their bad luck, Hagarene pirates captured them at sea and transported them to Rhodes, where they were sold to three different Hagarene masters.

The lot of the three priests was lamentable but a sweet occurrence came to sweeten their lot. They learned that in Rhodes Saint Fanourios worked miracles and they set their hopes in him, incessantly praying, each one separately invoking him to free them from the harsh captivity to the vile Hagarenes.

Each priest asked their master, without previously having communicated between them-selves, to allow them to go to church to venerate the icon of Saint Fanourios. They all re-ceived permission easily and so reverently venerated the icon of the Saint, wetting the earth with their tears and kneeling and praying with all their soul begging Saint Fanourios to inter-cede so that they may be relieved from the hands of the Hagarenes.

After the priests departed, having been consoled of their pain, Saint Fanourios appeared that night to all the masters and ordered them to free their captive priests, otherwise he would punish them severely. However, the Hagarene masters believed the intervention of the Saint to be some sort of magic and they chained their captives and started to torture them in the worst possible way.

However, the next night Saint Fanourios intervened more effectively. He loosed the three priests from their bonds and promised them that they would be freed from the Hagarenes the next day. He then appeared again to the Hagarenes and threatened them this time that if they did not free the priests in the morning he would use harsh measures against them.

The next morning the Hagarenes felt the punishment because they all lost their sight and their bodies became paralyzed. They were thus forced to seek the advice of their relatives and discuss the evil that had befallen them. All the masters then decided to invite the three priests in case they could help them. The only answer the priests gave them was that they would pray to God and He would decide.

The third night Saint Fanourios again appeared to the Hagarenes and informed them that if the three masters did not send in writing to his church their agreement for the release of the priests, they would never recover their health. The Hagarenes, whether they wanted to or not, wrote the letter the Saint asked for and declared straight out that they granted freedom to the three priests. These submissions were sent to the holy church of the Saint.

Even before the messengers of the Hagarenes returned from the church, the blind and para-lyzed faithless ones were completely healed according to the will of the Saint. The rich Ha-garenes gave the priests all the expenses for their journey and the priests before leaving went to the church, thanked the Saint for their release, and carefully copied the icon of Saint Fanourios, which they took to Crete where they honoured it every year with doxologies and litanies (processions).

6. The Pita (cake) of Saint Fanourios.

The great honour the Christians have for Saint Fanourios became the reason for the adoption of the customary tradition of the pita (cake) of the Saint, better known as “Fa-nouropita”.

The pita is usually small and round and is made of pure flour, sugar, cinnamon, and oil. After all these ingredients are mixed together, they are kneaded, put in a round cake form and the pita is baked under medium temperature in the oven.

The pita is prepared so that the Saint may reveal to someone a lost item, find a job for someone unemployed, deal on a lost cause, restore the health of someone sick, etc.

Our Church commemorates Saint Fanourios on August 27.

*****

Apolytikion (Troparion) – Tone 4. 

A heavenly song of praise is chanted radiantly upon the earth; the company of Angels now joyfully celebrates an earthly festival and from on high with hymns they praise your contests and from below the Church proclaims the Heavenly glory which you have founded by your labours and struggles, O glorious Fanourios.

Kontakion – Tone 3.

You did save the Priests from the ungodly captivity and did break their bonds by Divine Power, O godly minded one; you did bravely shame the audacity of the tyrants and did gladden the orders of the Angels, O Great Martyr. Wherefore, we honour you, divine warrior, glorious Fanourios.

Megalynarion

To those who embrace your sacred icon with faith and asking your assistance, Martyr, heirs of the Heavenly Kingdom, Fanourios, to all your entreaties provide.

Ο εκκλησιασμός (Γέροντας Θεοδόσιος Δαμβακεράκης)

Ο εκκλησιασμός
«Πηγαίνετε κάθε Κυριακή στην Εκκλησία; Εξομολογείσθε; Κοινωνείτε; Όχι; Πως θα γίνετε επιστήμονες παιδιά μου; Θα σας πω λοιπόν για την Εκκλησία».
Ο άνθρωπος που δεν πηγαίνει, δεν σώζεται, γιατί η κιβωτός που σώζει τον άνθρωπον είναι η Εκκλησία. Εκεί γίνονται μυστήρια και λέει ο ψαλμωδός «εν εκκλησίας ευλογείτε τον Θεόν».
Πρέπει λοιπόν να εκκλησιάζεσθε κάθε Κυριακή τώρα που είσθε μικροί και πάτε για ένα μέλλον, θα σας πω μια ιστορία:
Στην Κων/πολη ήταν κάποτε ένας άνθρωπος πολύ γέρος που είχε ένα μονάκριβο παιδί. Εκείνη την εποχή ήταν οι δούλοι, οι σκλάβοι. Μια μέρα του λέει λοιπόν:
«Θα 'ρθείς παιδί μου, να σε πουλήσω σαν σκλάβο γιατί δεν μπορώ άλλο. θα σου δώσω εγώ την ευχή μου καί θα περάσεις καλά». Το παιδί, επειδή ήταν καλό, άκουσε τον πατέρα του και του λέει «Όπως θέλεις πατέρα».
Ήταν λοιπόν ένας άρχοντας και του λέει: «Πόσο θα μου πουλήσεις τον γιό σου» και πληρώνει.Παίρνει ο πατέρας το παιδί πιο πέρα και του λέει: «θα σου δώσω μια πατρική συμβουλή. Τώρα που θα πας στον άρχοντα, θα κάνεις υπακοή, αλλά όταν θα βλέπεις Εκκλησία θα μπαίνεις, θα πηγαίνεις στην Λειτουργία από την αρχή μέχρι το τέλος»
Πήρε ο άρχοντας το παιδί σκλάβο, αλλά επειδή ήταν πολύ καλό το πήρε κοντά του και τον έστελνε με διάφορα έγγραφα σε άλλους άρχοντες. Μια ημέρα πήγαιναν σε κάποιον άρχοντα αλλά εξέχασε να πάρει ένα έγγραφο. Λέει λοιπόν στο παιδί «πήγαινε παιδί μου να μου το φέρεις, είναι επάνω στο γραφείο μου».
Την ώρα όμως που μπήκε το παιδί, η γυναίκα του άρχοντα αμάρτανε με έναν άλλον σκλάβο, χωρίς όμως να τους δεί το παιδί. Αυτοί όμως το είδαν και φοβήθηκαν, ότι τους είδε, θα το έλεγε στον άρχοντα και θα τους τιμωρούσε αυστηρά.
Όταν λοιπόν επέστρεψε ο άρχοντας του λέει η γυναίκα του: «Ο νεαρός που έστειλες το πρωί μου επιτέθηκε με κακό σκοπό, γι' αυτό θέλω να τον τιμωρήσεις αυστηρά».
Ο άρχοντας ειδοποιεί έναν αξιωματικό πως θα του στείλει αύριο ένα υπηρέτη και να τον σκοτώσει.
Την άλλη μέρα λέει στο παιδί: «Πήγαινε στον αξιωματικό και πες του ότι ήλθα για την παραγγελία». Το παιδί έκανε τον σταυρό του και έφυγε.
Στον δρόμο του όμως ήταν μια Εκκλησία που ελειτουργείτο. Μπήκε, προσκύνησε τις εικόνες και σταμάτησε να ακούσει την λειτουργία όπως του είχε πει ο πατέρας του με αποτέλεσμα να καθυστερήσει μία ώρα. Στο διάστημα αυτό ο άλλος δούλος, που είχε αμαρτήσει, αγωνιούσε γιατί περνούσε η ώρα καί δεν γινόταν τίποτα.
Η αμαρτία πάντα γεννά τον θάνατον. Αποφάσισε να πάει ο ίδιος στον αξιωματικό να δει τι έγινε και εκείνος τον σκοτώνει.
Όταν τελείωσε η λειτουργία πηγαίνει το παιδί και του λέει: «ήλθα για την παραγγελία», και τότε αυτός του είπε «πάρτην» και του δίδει ένα σακούλι.
Γυρίζει στον άρχοντα που εκείνη την στιγμή ήταν μαζί με την γυναίκα του και του δίνει την παραγγελία. Ανοίγει το σακούλι και βλέπει το κεφάλι του δούλου. Το είδε και η γυναίκα του, φοβήθηκε και ομολόγησε, ότι αυτός ήταν ο δούλος που την κακοποίησε και όχι το παιδί.
Ο άρχοντας τότε έκανε το παιδί, γιο του και έζησε τα υπόλοιπα χρόνια της ζωής του πλούσια.
Βλέπετε παιδάκια μου, πόσο ωφελήθηκε το παιδί, και έσωσε τη ζωή του και έζησε κατόπιν πλούσια, γιατί επήγε μια ώρα στην Εκκλησία.
Ο άνθρωπος πάντοτε ωφελείται όταν εκκλησιάζεται. Να το προσέξετε αυτό για να σας βοηθήσει ο Θεός στο ποθούμενό σας.
Πρέπει να πηγαίνετε στην Εκκλησία. Ύστερα πρέπει να εξομολογείσθε για να κοινωνήσετε.Όπως λερώνετε τα ρούχα σας και τα πλύνετε, έτσι και σαν άνθρωποι αμαρτάνετε και πρέπει να εξομολογείσθε για να πλύνετε την ψυχή σας.
Δεν μπορεί να πει ο άνθρωπος ότι «δεν μπορώ αλλά δεν θέλω». Πέστε τι είπε ο Χριστός και δεν μπορείτε να το κάνετε; Να εκκλησιάζεσθε λοιπόν κάθε Κυριακή και να νηστεύετε Τετάρτη και Παρασκευή. Μη φοβάσθε ότι θα πάθετε τίποτα.
Εάν θα φάτε κρέας την Μεγάλη Παρασκευή δεν βλάπτετε τον Χριστό αλλά κάνετε παράβαση. Πως θα δείξουμε την αγάπη μας προς τον Χριστόν; Πας στην εκκλησία, παίρνεις ένα κεράκι και δίδεις 100δρχ, το ανάβεις και προσκυνάς την εικόνα του Χριστού. Ο Θεός δεν θέλει τα λεφτά σου. Από την άλλη μεριά πάλι λέει «Να η Μαρία μου άναψε ένα κεράκι» ή «η Μαρία δεν έφαγε λάδι για μένα». Του δείχνεις την αγάπη σου.
Ο Θεός δεν είναι δυνάστης. Όμως πρέπει να Του δείχνουμε την αγάπη μας και την λατρεία μας.Να το προσέξουμε αυτό τώρα που είσθε μικροί και εύχομαι ο Θεός να σας αξιώσει στο ποθούμενό σας και στην ουράνια βασιλεία Του»

 
Μαρεντάκης Παναγιώτης, Θεολόγος τ. Γυμνασιάρχης, «Ο Γέροντας Θεοδόσιος, ο ασκητής της Κρήτης», Εκδόσεις-Βιβλιοπολείο «Η αυτογνωσία», Χανιά 2009.

QUALIFICATIONS FOR DEIFICATION By Archimandrite George of the Holy Monastery of St. Gregorios on Mount Athos

The holy Fathers certainly say that within the Church we can attain deification (gr. theosis). Yet deification is a gift from God. It is not something that we can attain on our own. Naturally, we must want, struggle, and prepare ourselves so that we are worthy, capable, and receptive enough to accept and guard this great gift from God, since God does not wish to do anything to us without our freedom. Never the less, Theosis is a gift of God. For this reason, the holy Fathers say, on the one hand, that we "suffer" deification (gr. theosis), and on the other hand, that God actuates Theosis.

We also discern certain necessary qualifications on the path of man to deification:

a) Humility

According to the holy Fathers, the first necessary qualification is humility. Without blessed humility, man cannot be put on the right course for Theosis, cannot accept the divine Grace and so unite with God. Simply to acknowledge that Theosis is the purpose of our life demands humility, because without humility, how will you acknowledge that the purpose of your life is outside yourself; that it is in God?

So long as man lives egocentrically, anthropocentrically, autonomously, he places himself at the centre and purpose of his own life. He believes that he can be perfected by his own efforts; defined by his own efforts; deified by his own efforts. This is the spirit of contemporary civilisation, contemporary philosophy, contemporary politics: to create an even better world, even more just, but to do this autonomously, by oneself; to create a world which will have man at its centre with no reference to God; with no acknowledgement that God is the source of all good. This is the fault that Adam committed, believing that, with only his own powers, he could become God, could complete himself. The fault of Adam is one that all humanistic creeds make throughout all the ages. They do not consider that communion with God is indispensable for the completion of man.

Everything Orthodox is theanthropically centred; its centre is the God-man Christ. Everything that is not Orthodox has this common denominator: its centre is man, whether it is Protestantism, Papism, Freemasonry, Millenarianism, atheism, or whatever else is outside Orthodoxy. For us, the centre is the God-man Christ. This means it is easy for someone to become a heretic, a Millenarianist, a Mason or whatever else, but it is difficult to become an Orthodox Christian. To become an Orthodox Christian, you must first accept that the centre of the world is not yourself but Christ.

Thus, the beginning of the path towards Theosis is humility, i.e. that we acknowledge that the purpose of our life is outside us; is with our Father, our Maker and Creator.

Humility is needed to see that we are sick, that we are bigoted, that we are full of weaknesses and passions.

Again, to persist on this path, someone who begins the path of Theosis must have constant humility, for if he accepts the thought that he manages perfectly well just by using his own powers, then pride enters him; he loses what he has gained and must start again from the beginning; to become humble, to see his weakness, his human sickness, and learn not to rely on himself. In order to find himself continuously on the path of Theosis, he needs to depend on the Grace of God.

Therefore, in the lives of the saints, their great humility impresses us. While they were near God, they shone within the light of God; they were miracle-workers; they gave off myrrh; yet at the same time they believed about themselves that they were very lowly, very far from God, that they were the worst of men. It was this humility of theirs that made them gods by Grace.

2) Asceticism

The holy Fathers also tell us that Theosis has stages. It begins from the lowest and progresses to the highest. Once we have humility, in order to become cleansed from the passions we start our asceticism by applying the holy commandments of Christ, beginning our daily struggle in Christ with repentance and much patience. The holy Fathers say that within His commandments God himself lies hidden. When a Christian observes them out of love and faith in Christ, then he unites with Him.

According to the holy Fathers, this first stage of Theosis is also called ‘praxis’. This is practical guidance given at the start of the path towards Theosis.

Naturally, this is not at all easy, because the struggle to uproot the passions from within us is great. Much effort is required, so that gradually our inner wasteland is cleansed from the thorns and stones of the passions so that it can be cultivated spiritually, and so that the seed of God’s logos may fall and bear fruit. Great and continuous effort towards ourselves is necessary for all this. Therefore the Lord said that ‘the Kingdom of God suffers violence, so the violent seize it’ (Matthew. 11:12). And again, the holy Fathers teach us: ‘give blood and receive Spirit’, i.e. you cannot receive the holy Spirit if you do not give the blood of your heart to the struggle to cleanse yourself from the passions, in order to repent really and in depth, and in order to acquire the virtues.

All the virtues are aspects of the one great virtue, the virtue of love. When a Christian acquires love, he has all the virtues. It is love that expels the prime cause of all the evils and all the passions from the psyche of man. This cause, according to the holy Fathers, is selfishness. All the evils within us spring from selfishness, which is a diseased love for one's own self. This is the reason why our Church has asceticism. Without asceticism, there is no spiritual life, no struggle, and no progress. We obey, fast, keep vigil, labour with prostrations, and stand upright, all so that we may be cleansed of our passions. If the Orthodox Church ceases to be ascetical, it ceases to be Orthodox, because then it ceases to help man rid himself of his passions in order to become gods by Grace.

The Church Fathers developed a great and profound anthropological teaching on the psyche and the passions of man. According to them, in the psyche you can distinguish intelligent and passible parts. The passible, again, comprises passionate and desiring parts. The intelligent part contains the reasoning powers of the psyche; the thoughts and cognitive powers. The passionate parts are the positive and negative emotions; love and hate. The desiring part contains the good desires of the virtues and the bad desires for pleasure; for enjoyment, avarice, gluttony, the worship of the flesh and the carnal passions. Unless these three parts of the psyche, the intelligent, the passionate, and the desiring, are cleansed, man cannot receive the Grace of God within himself, and cannot be deified. The intelligent part is cleansed by watchfulness, which is the continuous guarding of the nous from thoughts, keeping the good thoughts and rejecting the bad. The passionate part, again, is cleansed by love. Finally, the desiring part is cleansed by self-control. All these parts are both cleansed and sanctified by prayer.

3) The Holy Mysteries and Prayer

Christ installs Himself in the heart of man through the Holy Mysteries: Holy Baptism, Chrismation, Holy Confession and the Divine Eucharist. Those Orthodox Christians who are in communion with Christ have God and His Grace within them, in their hearts, because they have been baptised, chrismated, have confessed and have received Holy Communion.

The passions cover Divine Grace as ashes bury a spark. Through asceticism and prayer, the heart is cleansed of the passions, the spark of Divine Grace is rekindled, and the faithful Christian feels Christ in his heart; the centre of his existence.

Every prayer of the Church helps to cleanse the heart, but the so-called prayer of a single-phrase, also known as noetic prayer or prayer of the heart, is particularly helpful: ‘Lord Jesus Christ, have mercy on me, a sinner’. This prayer, which has always been handed down on the Holy Mountain, has the following advantage: because it is only one sentence it helps us to concentrate our nous more easily. Concentrating our nous, we immerse it in our heart, and then pay attention to make sure it is not busy there with other things and ideas, good or bad; that it is busy only with God.

The practice in this prayer of the heart, which with God’s Grace may in time become continuous, is a whole science, a holy art which the Saints of our Faith describe in detail in their holy writings, and also in a large collection of Patristic texts called the ‘Philokalia’.

This prayer helps and gladdens man, and when the Christian progresses in this prayer and at the same time his life follows the holy commandments of Christ and His Church, then he is worthy to receive the experience of Divine Grace. He starts to taste the sweetness of communion with God, to know from experience ‘O taste and see that the Lord is good’ (Ps. 34:8 ???). For us Orthodox, God is not an idea, something that we think about, that we discuss or read about, but a Person with Whom we come into living and personal communion, It is something we live, and somebody from Whom we receive experience.

Then we see what a great, unspeakable and inexpressible joy it is to have Christ within us and to be Orthodox Christians.

Within their different concerns and every day occupations, it helps Christians who are in the world so much to find at least a few minutes silence to exercise themselves in this prayer.

Certainly, when fulfilled with humility and love, all labours and obligations directed to God sanctify us, but prayer is also required.

In a quiet room (perhaps after some spiritual reading, or after lighting a small oil lamp in front of the icons and burning incense), as far as possible away from noise and activity, and after other considerations and thoughts have fallen quiet, they should sink their nous into the heart by saying the prayer: ‘Lord Jesus Christ, have mercy on me, a sinner’. How much peace and strength the psyches draw from the silence of God! How much this strengthens them during the day so that they can keep themselves peaceful without nervous tension and anxiety, but have all their forces united in harmony!

Some people in other places seek silence of the psyche by using artificial means that are deluded and demonic, as in the so-called Oriental religions. They try to find a certain silence by using external exercises, meditation etc., to achieve a certain balance of psyche and body. The fault in all these is that properly speaking, even when man tries to forget the various considerations of the material world he does not have a dialogue with God, but only a monologue with himself, so that once again he ends up in anthropocentrism, and in this way he fails. 

Source- greekorthodoxchurch.org

Γιατί θυμιάζουν οι μοναχοί στις ακολουθίες;

Στην ακολουθία του Όρθρου ψάλεται ο Πολυέλαιος «Δούλοι Κύριον» έρρυθμα για να  ταιριάζει η ψαλμωδία με την κίνηση του κατζίου,του θυμιατού με το οποίο θυμιάζουν οι μοναχοί που έχουν το διακόνημα του εκκλησιαστικού.

Το κατζίο είναι φορητό και χρησιμοποιείται στις λατρευτικές συνάξεις εντός του ναού όταν ψάλλονται ύμνοι από την Παλαιά Διαθήκη ή αναγινώσκονται οι Μεγάλες Ώρες.  Είναι μεταλλικό με μακριά χειρολαβή και κουδούνια, τα οποία συμβολίζουν τα βήματα του Θεού στον Παράδεισο και προτρέπουν τους μοναχούς σε εγρήγορση :”’Και άκουσαν τη φωνή του Κυρίου του Θεού, να περπατάει στον παράδεισο προς το δειλινό” (Παλαιά Διαθήκη Γένεση Κεφ. 3, Στίχος 8..

 

Όταν οι εκκλησιαστικοί θυμιάζουν με το κατζίο φέρουν στον ώμο τους ένα τετράγωνο ύφασμα που λέγεται ”αήρ” ΄ συνήθως είναι χρυσοποίκιλτο και δηλώνει το αγγελικό τάγμα που εξέπεσε από τη πατρώα δόξα και που αντικαταστάθηκε από τους μοναχούς. Ο εκκλησιαστικός λοιπόν κρατά το κατζίο με το ”χειρομανδήλιον”, το οποίο είναι μικρότερο από τον ”αέρα”. Ο συμβολισμός του απορρέει από την απάντηση του Αναστημένου Κυρίου ”μη μου άπτου” (μην με αγγίζεις), στην Μαρία την μυροφόρο, όταν αυτή από την χαρά της ήθελε να Τον αγγίξει. (Κατά Ιωάννη Κεφ. 20, Στίχος 17..)

Επειδή το θυμιατήριο συμβολίζει τις δύο φύσεις, ανθρώπινη και θεϊκή, και τις τρείς υποστάσεις Πατήρ, Υιός και Άγιο Πνεύμα  και επειδή ο εκκλησιαστικός δεν έχει ιεροσύνη, πιάνει το κατζίο με το ”χειρομάνδηλο” από ευλάβεια και σεμνότητα.

Πηγή-Pemptousia.gr

Η αξιοποίηση του ελεύθερου χρόνου.

Πανιερωτάτου Μητροπολίτου Λεμεσού κ. Αθανασίου

Είτε το θέλει ο άνθρωπος είτε όχι, όσο περνά ο καιρός και μεγαλώνει σε ηλικία, βλέπει ότι ο χρόνος κυλά και τα χρόνια προστίθενται από την άλλη πλευρά, δηλαδή αυξάνεται το παρελθόν και μειώνεται το μέλλον. Και μόνη της αυτή η γνώση, μπορεί να μας βοηθήσει να καταλάβουμε πολλά πράγματα και να τα κρίνουμε σωστά. Να αξιοποιήσουμε πνευματικά τον χρόνο μας. Ένα από τα στοιχεία για το οποίο θα κριθούμε θα είναι το γεγονός του χρόνου. Αυτό το ζει κανείς στους αγίους ανθρώπους. Οι άνθρωποι αυτοί έχουν μια τεράστια ευαισθησία στο θέμα του χρόνου, στο να μην χαθεί καθόλου χρόνος. Οι μεγάλοι άγιοι είναι αυτοί που μπόρεσαν να αξιοποιήσουν και το τελευταίο δευτερόλεπτο του χρόνου τους.

Πολύ συχνά οι άνθρωποι λένε «να μου δώσει ο Θεός χρόνια να μεγαλώσω τα παιδιά μου, να τα παντρέψω, να τελειώσω τις δουλειές μου, να κάμω καλά έργα, έχω έργα ατέλειωτα»… όμως διερωτάται κανείς αν αυτό το αίτημα είναι δικαιολογημένο, γιατί φαίνεται ότι και χίλια χρόνια να ζήσουμε, πάντοτε θα έχουμε δουλειές ατέλειωτες. Ανοίγουμε συνέχεια θέματα και δεν τα τελειώνουμε, αγχωνόμαστε και δεν ξεκουραζόμαστε.

Τι εννοούμε όμως όταν λέμε ξεκούραση; Πότε ξεκουράζεται αληθινά ο άνθρωπος; Πραγματική ξεκούραση είναι το να αφιερώνει ο άνθρωπος έστω και λίγο χρόνο από τη ζωή του για να προσευχηθεί. Μετά από μια πιεστική μέρα, αν λίγος χρόνος αφιερωθεί και αν ο άνθρωπος αφήσει τον εαυτό του να επικοινωνήσει με τον Θεό, με το Άγιο Πνεύμα που υπάρχει πλούσιο, άφθονο, στην Εκκλησία, πραγματικά λαμβάνει πολλή ξεκούραση διότι ξεκούραση δεν είναι μόνο να κοιμόμαστε πολλές ώρες ή να κάνουμε πολλά ταξίδια. Είναι και αυτό βέβαια ένα είδος σωματικής ξεκούρασης, αλλά η ψυχική ξεκούραση, η πνευματική ξεκούραση είναι πολύ πιο σημαντική και σπουδαία και ο άνθρωπος ξεκουράζεται πραγματικά όταν μάθει να έχει μια ζωντανή σχέση με τον Θεό. Βλέπει κανείς πόσο αναπαύεται το πνεύμα του ανθρώπου μέσα στις ιερές ακολουθίες της Εκκλησίας μας, όπως είναι ο παρακλητικός κανόνας της Παναγίας μας την περίοδο του Δεκαπενταυγούστου και πόσο αυτά τα ιερά τροπάρια βοηθούν ώστε το πνεύμα του ανθρώπου να ανεβεί προς τον Θεό και να κοινωνήσει με το Πνεύμα το Άγιο το οποίο δίδεται από το Θεό σε αυτούς οι οποίοι θέλουν και το επιζητούν. Τα τροπάρια αυτά γράφτηκαν από τους αγίους οι οποίοι είχαν την εμπειρία του Αγίου Πνεύματος, την παρουσία του Θεού μέσα στην καρδιά τους και εξέφρασαν ακριβώς αυτή την εμπειρία μέσα από τη μουσική της Εκκλησίας και τους ύμνους.

Έτσι έχουμε τη σωστή αίσθηση της ξεκούρασης, τη σωστή αίσθηση της ψυχαγωγίας, της διασκεδάσης, διότι πιστεύω ότι όσο κανείς ξεκουράζεται με μια προσευχή, μια ακολουθία, μια μυσταγωγία με τη σημασία του όρου στον εκκλησιαστικό χώρο, δεν ξεκουράζεται ούτε στα καλύτερα ξενοδοχεία ή κέντρα ψυχαγωγίας όπου εκεί πάνε οι άνθρωποι και φεύγουν πολλές φορές πιο κουρασμένοι ή πιο αγχωμένοι απ’ ότι πήγαν. Είναι παράδοξο το γεγονός ότι σήμερα που νυχτοξημερωνόμαστε μέσα στα κέντρα ψυχαγωγίας, που γεμίζουμε τα ξενοδοχεία και τις καφετέριες, αντί να είναι όλοι ήρεμοι, χαρούμενοι και χαμογελαστοί κάθε μέρα, τελικά είναι όλοι γεμάτοι νεύρα. Από το πρωί που θα ξυπνήσουν, φωνάζουν, βρίζουν, έτοιμοι να κάνουν καβγά. Στην Εκκλησία δεν συμβαίνει αυτό. Λέγει έναν ωραίο λόγο ο Άγιος Ιωάννης ο Χρυσόστομος: «Θέλεις να δεις τι είναι η Εκκλησία και ποιο είναι το θαύμα της Εκκλησίας; Είναι πολύ απλό. Μπες μέσα στην Εκκλησία και θα δεις ότι είναι ένας τόπος όπου μπαίνεις λύκος και βγαίνεις πρόβατο, μπαίνεις ληστής και βγαίνεις όσιος, μπαίνεις θυμώδης και βγαίνεις πράος, μπαίνεις άνθρωπος και βγαίνεις άγγελος». Και συνεχίζει ο άγιος, «Τι λέω άγγελος; Μπαίνεις άνθρωπος και βγαίνεις Θεός κατά χάριν».

Αυτή είναι η Εκκλησία. Είναι κάτι το οποίο δεν μπορεί να αμφισβητήσει κανείς, το γεγονός ότι ο άνθρωπος μέσα στον εκκλησιαστικό χώρο, στην ατμόσφαιρα των ύμνων, των προσευχών, βρίσκει πολλή ηρεμία και γι’ αυτό η Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία έχει πολλές ακολουθίες. Είναι μια Εκκλησία κατεξοχήν λειτουργική και όλη η θεραπευτική αγωγή που ασκεί στον άνθρωπο και στη ψυχή του είναι αγωγή λειτουργική.

Είναι ευλογία λοιπόν να αξιοποιεί σωστά ο άνθρωπος το χρόνο του, να βρίσκει λίγο χρόνο να ξεκουράζεται πραγματικά αλλά κυρίως, να αφιερώνει λίγη ώρα στο Θεό και να μάθει να προσεύχεται. Μέσα στην καθημερινή μας ζωή συναντούμε πολλές δυσκολίες κι απογοητεύσεις, πολλά νέα παιδιά βρίσκονται σε αδιέξοδο, πολλά ερωτηματικά και προβλήματα υπάρχουν στις ψυχές των ανθρώπων και πολύ άγχος. Ακόμα και αυτό το σκότος που μπαίνει στη νεανική ψυχή και ο άνθρωπος δεν ξέρει ποιος είναι ο ίδιος, τι κάνει και πού πηγαίνει, δεν ξέρει τι θέλει. Όλα αυτά τα πράγματα θεραπεύονται όταν ο άνθρωπος αρχίσει να αξιοποιεί σωστά το χρόνο του, να προσεύχεται γιατί λαμβάνει δύναμη από την προσευχή και φως, γιατί ο ίδιος ο Θεός είναι φως και το φως του Θεού αρχίζει σιγά σιγά να διαλύει τα πνευματικά σκοτάδια.

Aπομαγνητοφωνημένη ομιλία Ν.Κ.

Πηγή:  isagiastriados.com

Δεν πρέπει να εμπιστευόμαστε, ούτε να δίνουμε θάρρος ποτέ στον εαυτό μας

Αγίου Νικόδημου του Αγιορείτη

Τὸ νὰ μὴν ἐμπιστεύεσαι τὸν ἑαυτόν σου (1), ἀγαπητέ μου ἀδελφέ, εἶναι τόσο ἀναγκαῖο σε αὐτὸν τὸν πόλεμο, ποὺ χωρὶς αὐτό, νὰ εἶσαι βέβαιος, ὅτι, ὄχι μόνον δὲν θὰ μπορέσεις νὰ πετύχεις τὴ νίκη ποὺ ἐπιθυμεῖς, ἀλλ᾿ οὔτε κἂν νὰ ἀντισταθεῖς στὸ παραμικρὸ καὶ αὐτό, ἂς τυπωθεῖ καλὰ στὸ νοῦ σου.

Γιατὶ, ἐμεῖς πράγματι, ὄντας φυσικὰ διεφθαρμένοι ἀπὸ τὴ φύσι μας ἀπὸ τὸν καιρὸ τῆς παραβάσεως τοῦ Ἀδάμ, ἔχουμε σὲ μεγάλη ὑπόληψι τὸν ἑαυτό μας, ἡ ὁποία ἂν καὶ δὲν εἶναι ἀλήθεια, παρὰ ἕνα ψέμα καὶ τίποτα ἄλλο, ἐμεῖς ὅμως, νομίζουμε μὲ μία ἀπατηλὴ ἐντύπωση, πὼς εἴμαστε κάποιοι (2). Αὐτὸ εἶναι ἕνα ἐλάττωμα, ποὺ πολὺ δύσκολα ἀναγνωρίζεται, καὶ ποὺ δὲν ἀρέσει στὸ Θεό, ὁ ὁποῖος ἀγαπᾷ νὰ ἔχουμε ἐμεῖς μία γνῶσι χωρὶς δόλο γι᾿ αὐτὴ τὴν βεβαιότατη ἀλήθεια.

Δηλαδή, νὰ ξέρουμε, ὅτι κάθε χάρι καὶ ἀρετὴ ποὺ ἔχουμε, προέρχεται ἀπὸ αὐτὸν μόνο, ποὺ εἶναι ἡ πηγὴ κάθε ἀγαθοῦ καὶ ὅτι, ἀπὸ μᾶς, δὲν μπορεῖ νὰ προέλθη κανένα καλό, οὔτε κανένας καλὸς λογισμός, ποὺ νὰ τοῦ ἀρέσῃ. Ἂν καὶ αὐτὴ ἡ ἀναγκαιότατη ἀλήθεια (δηλαδή, τὸ νὰ μὴ πιστεύουμε στὸν ἑαυτόν μας) εἶναι ἔργο τοῦ θεϊκοῦ του χεριοῦ, ποὺ συνηθίζει νὰ τὸ δίνη στοὺς ἀγαπημένους του φίλους, πότε μὲ ἐμπνεύσεις καὶ φωτισμούς, πότε μὲ σκληρὰ μαστιγώματα καὶ θλίψεις, πότε μὲ βίαιους καὶ σχεδὸν ἀνίκητους πειρασμούς, καὶ πότε μὲ ἄλλα μέσα, ποὺ ἐμεῖς δὲν καταλαβαίνουμε· μὲ ὅλα αὐτά, θέλει νὰ γίνεται καὶ ἀπὸ μέρους μας ἐκεῖνο, ποὺ ἀνήκει, καὶ εἶναι δυνατὸν σὲ μᾶς. Γι᾿ αὐτὸ λοιπόν, ἀδελφέ μου, σοῦ σημειώνω ἐδῶ τέσσερεις τρόπους, μὲ τοὺς ὁποίους μπορεῖς, μὲ τὴ βοήθεια τοῦ Θεοῦ, νὰ πετύχης αὐτὴ τὴν ἀμφιβολία τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ σου, δηλαδή, τὸ νὰ μὴν ἐμπιστεύεσαι ποτὲ τὸν ἑαυτό σου.

The style and ethos of Athonite singing

Fr. Iakovos, Protopsaltis of the Protaton Church, singing together with the students of Athoniada School, Holy Mountain

Once, when I was talking to an Elder who’d been on the Holy Mountain for many years (more than twice the number I had), he mentioned the following in the course of conversation: ‘the late Father E… would always sing this doxastiko [a special hymn, sung between ‘Glory…’ and ‘Now and forever’] in the way Iakovos set it’. Since anybody who’s interested in Byzantine music knows how difficult it is to execute the settings of Iakovos the Protopsaltis (fl. ca. 1760-†1800), I was astonished and asked if Father E… knew music. The Elder seemed a little embarrassed, as if he hadn’t expected the question. He was quiet for a second or two, then said, ‘The Athonite kind’.

What he meant was that he knew more or less the settings that were normally sung on the Holy Mountain. And, he continued, in an effort to explain more clearly what he’d said and also to provide an answer to my question (where the Father had learned and knew how to sing the Iakovos setting): ‘That’s how they learned. Each one with the others’.

This little exchange encapsulates the way Byzantine music was learned and cultivated on the Holy Mountain fifty years ago and earlier. This was a time when contact with the external world was very limited and, for some monks, virtually non-existent. Most monks then came to the Holy Mountain at a very early age, and therefore hadn’t been able to study music and hardly had much knowledge beyond Elementary School, far less Secondary. The number of pilgrims who came was much fewer, and contact with singers and music teachers outside Athos would have been quite infrequent. In any case, the difficulties involved in getting to Athos didn’t allow for any consorting or interaction between the two musical worlds.

I came to Athos in 1993 to live as a monk, without any particular experiences from earlier pilgrimages. I was fortunate to meet the last elderly monks in the area around my monastery, and they had the characteristics I’ve just described. They had full, rich voices, thunderous, but very sweet at the same time. Their musical knowledge was absolutely specific. What they knew, and what they were used to, they sang probably better than anyone. If they saw something for the first time, they couldn’t even make a start. The chances of correcting them in what they were singing were nil.

The way they’d heard it was the way they sang it, to the end of their lives. But this was the beauty of the katholiko [the main church of the monastery]. Everybody expected to sing some musical piece with the particular timbre of their voice, and this lent a different atmosphere to the katholiko. No sooner had they started than the younger singers would look at each other and smile.

I don’t know that there was any systematic teaching. There may have been some preliminary lessons, and then the music school would have been the singing itself. Continuous singing of the repertoire would have helped the newer monks to learn, like apprentices under instruction. They didn’t much look at music in books; they’d committed some parts to memory and if, occasionally, they lost their way in the setting, they’d supply it from the closest one they remembered. Everyone had a right to take part, even those who didn’t have much of a voice or had learned from practice. You see, the services are so long and so frequent that the good singers can’t sing all the time, because they’d soon exhaust themselves.

So, in this way, quite a large part of the burden on the Holy Mountain is borne by singers who take the ‘supporting roles’. Of course, a large part is also undertaken by the abbots, and the elders, who sing the ‘pieces of the elders’. So we see that large parts of the services, particularly those that are the same, are sung by people who aren’t musicians and who, without realizing it, also contribute in their own way to the musical expression of the Holy Mountain.

Being still new to the monastery, I talked to one of the older brothers who told me what happened in a hospital to one of the most elderly monks, who was of an exceptionally simple nature. During the course of his treatment, a whole host of people made their way to the hospital to see him and ask for his blessing, and he, for his part, would tell them something for their spiritual benefit. I reacted sharply to this. I knew that this particular father was, of course, very good and pure, but he was also very simple. What could he have to say? The other monk answered that any monk who’d spent long years on Athos, however simple he may be by nature, whatever education he’d had, would certainly have something to say.

Everyday life in a monastery is a continuous spiritual education and it’s impossible to live in one without picking up some basic things to pass on to other people. It’s my impression that something similar is also true of music.

The overwhelming majority of monks who come to the Holy Mountain, even if they aren’t given any musical training in the monastery, will certainly learn something, either from listening or of necessity. Most of them, at some stage will be able to lead the choir on the left or the right at a daily service and often will be able to sing pieces they’ve learned by ear. The time covered by these practical singers at services is very considerable, especially at the daily office. I’d go so far as to say that the we should all take into consideration the fact that the Athonite style in the faster, shorter pieces has, to a large extent, been shaped by such monks.

But it would be wrong not to mention how the spiritual life has also had an effect on worship. Many psaltists outside Athos would also say this, but on the Holy Mountain they don’t just say it; they also apply it. An Athonite psaltist never knows when he’ll sing, or even if he’ll sing. He waits to be told by the typikaris (the monk in charge of services) before coming up to his place at the music-stand in the choir. If there’s a guest psaltist, he is given pride of place over the monastery’s own.

Most often, the opportunities for choosing settings that will be musically instructive are limited, either because the abbot won’t allow it, or because not all the monks would be able to sing the chosen setting, which would result in a hiatus that the abbot would punish with a commensurate canon (often extra prayers and prostrations). Nobody occupies the first place in the right-hand choir on a permanent basis. All the Athonite monastery rules envisage an exchange of choirs (from left to right and vice versa) through the course of the year. Even the first psaltist is often forced to bear with musically weaker monks, who, perhaps, aren’t of much help to him, but also have the right to play their part.

Naturally, there are also the vigilant eyes of the  elders, who will clip the wings of anybody who’s getting above himself. They’ll bring him to his senses with an appropriate canon (in this case, absence from the choir). From all this we can see that, apart from his musical efforts, an Athonite psaltist also has to engage in a spiritual struggle if he’s going to overcome all the above obstructions in order to use his music for the glory of God rather than to puff himself up. I don’t believe there’s a single Athonite psaltist who hasn’t said, at some time in his life, especially when he was just starting out, ‘I wish I’d never even learned music’.

Of course, as the elders say, these are just growing pains and happen to everyone. I confess that I had great difficulties in the early years, but my Elder encouraged me by telling me that he’d observed that monks who sang had greater grace.

And so, as the years go by, we all recognize our true position in the Church and overcome all those impediments, although they’re of great benefit to us in our spiritual life, particularly as regards the acquisition of greater humility. All of this, however, also has an effect on the musical execution of the settings. This is why I said above that the spiritual conditions have contributed to the shaping of the Athonite style of singing.

Many generations grew up in such conditions, and, of course, throughout the whole of Athos there are still elderly monks like this. Even the most prominent Athonite psaltists were nurtured by the same method. By their continuous presence at Church services and with their heightened musical awareness (it’s true that the zeal of psaltists in the pursuit of their art is extreme) and under the particular conditions of location, time and, in my opinion, spirituality, they created the much acclaimed and well-known Athonite musical style.

But we ought really to make mention of today. The Athonite style that people love is the one that was created in the manner I described above. I confess it’s not so long since I came to the Holy Mountain and, unfortunately, I didn’t manage to meet all the great psaltists of recent decades. But, by coming from the outside world with quite a good musical training, I was able to grasp, relatively quickly, how musical matters worked here

The truth is that what I see today is actually somewhat different from what I described above. Conditions are different, so it’s only to be expected that we would have a musical outcome different from the familiar Athonite style that we’ve known for so many years. This is natural, because conditions have changed. But this is not the time or place for such an analysis. For the moment let’s cling to the spiritual emotion we derive from the music of the Holy Mountain, which we know and which is loved by everyone.
Source-Pemptousia.com

 Psalm 33- I will Bless the Lord Chanted By "The Monks of Simonopetras Monastery" Mount Athos.