Saint John Chrysostom-On Holy Theophany

St. John Chrysostom

We shall now say something about the present feast. Many celebrate the feastdays and know their designations, but the cause for which they were established they know not. Thus concerning this, that the present feast is called Theophany -- everyone knows; but what this is -- Theophany, and whether it be one thing or another, they know not. And this is shameful -- every year to celebrate the feastday and not know its reason.

First of all therefore, it is necessary to say that there is not one Theophany, but two: the one actual, which already has occurred, and the second in future, which will happen with glory at the end of the world. About this one and about the other you will hear today from Paul, who in conversing with Titus, speaks thus about the present: "The grace of God hath revealed itself, having saved all mankind, decreeing, that we reject iniquity and worldly desires, and dwell in the present age in prudence and in righteousness and piety" -- and about the future: "awaiting the blessed hope and glorious appearance of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ" (Tit 2:11-13). And a prophet speaks thus about this latter: "the sun shalt turn to darkness, and the moon to blood at first, then shalt come the great and illuminating Day of the Lord" (Joel 2:31). Why is not that day, on which the Lord was born, considered Theophany -- but rather this day on which He was baptised? This present day it is, on which He was baptised and sanctified the nature of water. Because on this day all, having obtained the waters, do carry it home and keep it all year, since today the waters are sanctified; and an obvious phenomenon occurs: these waters in their essence do not spoil with the passage of time, but obtained today, for one whole year and often for two or three years, they remain unharmed and fresh, and afterwards for a long time do not stop being water, just as that obtained from the fountains.

Why then is this day called Theophany? Because Christ made Himself known to all -- not then when He was born -- but then when He was baptised. Until this time He was not known to the people. And that the people did not know Him, Who He was, listen about this to John the Baptist, who says: "Amidst you standeth, Him Whom ye know not of" (Jn.1:26). And is it surprising that others did not know Him, when even the Baptist did not know Him until that day? "And I -- said he -- knew Him not: but He that did send me to baptise with water, about This One did tell unto me: over Him that shalt see the Spirit descending and abiding upon Him, This One it is Who baptiseth in the Holy Spirit" (Jn. 1:33). Thus from this it is evident, that -- there are two Theophanies, and why Christ comes at baptism and on whichever baptism He comes, about this it is necessary to say: it is therefore necessary to know both the one and equally the other. And first it is necessary to speak your love about the latter, so that we might learn about the former. There was a Jewish baptism, which cleansed from bodily impurities, but not to remove sins. Thus, whoever committed adultery, or decided on thievery, or who did some other kind of misdeed, it did not free him from guilt. But whoever touched the bones of the dead, whoever tasted food forbidden by the law, whoever approached from contamination, whoever consorted with lepers -- that one washed, and until evening was impure, and then cleansed. "Let one wash his body in pure water -- it says in the Scriptures, -- and he will be unclean until evening, and then he will be clean" (Lev 15:5, 22:4). This was not truly of sins or impurities, but since the Jews lacked perfection, then God, accomplishing it by means of this greater piety, prepared them by their beginnings for a precise observance of important things.

Thus, Jewish cleansings did not free from sins, but only from bodily impurities. Not so with ours: it is far more sublime and it manifests a great grace, whereby it sets free from sin, it cleanses the spirit and bestows the gifts of the Spirit. And the baptism of John was far more sublime than the Jewish, but less so than ours: it was like a bridge between both baptisms, leading across itself from the first to the last. Wherefore John did not give guidance for observance of bodily purifications, but together with them he exhorted and advised to be converted from vice to good deeds and to trust in the hope of salvation and the accomplishing of good deeds, rather than in different washings and purifications by water. John did not say: wash your clothes, wash your body, and ye will be pure, but what? -- "bear ye fruits worthy of repentance" (Mt 3:8). Since it was more than of the Jews, but less than ours: the baptism of John did not impart the Holy Spirit and it did not grant forgiveness by grace: it gave the commandment to repent, but it was powerless to absolve sins. Wherefore John did also say: "I baptise you with water...That One however will baptise you with the Holy Spirit and with fire" (Mt 3:11). Obviously, he did not baptise with the Spirit. But what does this mean: "with the Holy Spirit and with fire?" Call to mind that day, on which for the Apostles "there appeared disparate tongues like fire, and sat over each one of them" (Acts 2:3). And that the baptism of John did not impart the Spirit and remission of sins is evident from the following: Paul "found certain disciples, and said to them: received ye the Holy Spirit since ye have believed? They said to him: but furthermore whether it be of the Holy Spirit, we shall hear. He said to them: into what were ye baptised? They answered: into the baptism of John. Paul then said: John indeed baptised with the baptism of repentance," -- repentance, but not remission of sins; for whom did he baptise? "Having proclaimed to the people, that they should believe in the One coming after him, namely, Christ Jesus. Having heard this, they were baptised in the Name of the Lord Jesus: and Paul laying his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came upon them" (Acts 19:1-6). Do you see, how incomplete was the baptism of John? If the one were not incomplete, would then Paul have baptised them again, and placed his hands on them; having performed also the second, he shew the superiority of the apostolic Baptism and that the baptism of John was far less than his. Thus, from this we recognise the difference of the baptisms.

Now it is necessary to say, for whom was Christ baptised and by which baptism? Neither the former the Jewish, nor the last -- ours. Whence hath He need for remission of sins, how is this possible for Him, Who hath not any sins? "Of sin, -- it says in the Scriptures, -- worked He not, nor was there deceit found in His mouth" (1 Pet 2:22); and further, "who of you convicteth Me of Sin?" (Jn 8:46). And His flesh was privy to the Holy Spirit; how might this be possible, when it in the beginning was fashioned by the Holy Spirit? And so, if His flesh was privy to the Holy Spirit, and He was not subject to sins, then for whom was He baptised? But first of all it is necessary for us to recognise, by which baptism He was baptised, and then it will be clear for us. By which baptism indeed was He baptised? -- Not the Jewish, nor ours, nor John's. For whom, since thou from thine own aspect of baptism dost perceive, that He was baptised not by reason of sin and not having need of the gift of the Spirit; therefore, as we have demonstrated, this baptism was alien to the one and to the other. Hence it is evident, that He came to Jordan not for the forgiveness of sins and not for receiving the gifts of the Spirit. But so that some from those present then should not think, that He came for repentance like others, listen to how John precluded this. What he then spoke to the others then was: "Bear ye fruits worthy of repentance"; but listen what he said to Him: "I have need to be baptised of Thee, and Thou art come to me?" (Mt 3:8, 14). With these words he demonstrated, that Christ came to him not through that need with which people came, and that He was so far from the need to be baptised for this reason -- so much more sublime and perfectly purer than Baptism itself. For whom was He baptised, if this was done not for repentance, nor for the remission of sins, nor for receiving the gifts of the Spirit? Through the other two reasons, of which about the one the disciple speaks, and about the other He Himself spoke to John. Which reason of this baptism did John declare? Namely, that Christ should become known to the people, as Paul also mentions: "John therefore baptised with the baptism of repentance, so that through him they should believe on Him that cometh" (Acts 19:4); this was the consequence of the baptism. If John had gone to the home of each and, standing at the door, had spoken out for Christ and said: "He is the Son of God," such a testimony would have been suspicious, and this deed would have been extremely perplexing. So too, if he in advocating Christ had gone into the synagogues and witnessed to Him, this testimony of his might be suspiciously fabricated. But when all the people thronged out from all the cities to Jordan and remained on the banks of the river, and when He Himself came to be baptised and received the testimony of the Father by a voice from above and by the coming-upon of the Spirit in the form of a dove, then the testimony of John about Him was made beyond all questioning. And since he said: "and I knew Him not" (Jn 1:31), his testimony put forth is trustworthy. They were kindred after the flesh between themselves "wherefore Elizabeth, thy kinswoman, hath also conceived a son" -- said the Angel to Mary about the mother of John (Lk. 1: 36); if however the mothers were relatives, then obviously so also were the children. Thus, since they were kinsmen -- in order that it should not seem that John would testify concerning Christ because of kinship, the grace of the Spirit organised it such, that John spent all his early years in the wilderness, so that it should not seem that John had declared his testimony out of friendship or some similar reason. But John, as he was instructed of God, thus also announced about Him, wherein also he did say: "and I knew Him not." From whence didst thou find out? "He having sent me that sayeth to baptise with water, That One did tell me" What did He tell thee? "Over Him thou shalt see the Spirit descending, like to a dove, and abiding over Him, That One is baptised by the Holy Spirit" (Jn 1:32-33). Dost thou see, that the Holy Spirit did not descend as in a first time then coming down upon Him, but in order to point out that preached by His inspiration -- as though by a finger, it pointed Him out to all. For this reason He came to baptism.

And there is a second reason, about which He Himself spoke -- what exactly is it? When John said: "I have need to be baptised of Thee, and Thou art come to me?" -- He answered thus: "stay now, for thus it becometh us to fulfill every righteousness" (Mt 3:14-15). Dost thou see the meekness of the servant? Dost thou see the humility of the Master? What does He mean: "to fulfill every righteousness?" By righteousness is meant the fulfillment of all the commandments, as is said: "both were righteous, walking faultlessly in the commandments of the Lord" (Lk 1:6). Since fulfilling this righteousness was necessary for all people -- but no one of them kept it or fulfilled it -- Christ came then and fulfilled this righteousness.

And what righteousness is there, someone will say, in being baptised? Obedience for a prophet was righteous. As Christ was circumcised, offered sacrifice, kept the sabbath and observed the Jewish feasts, so also He added this remaining thing, that He was obedient to having been baptised by a prophet. It was the will of God then, that all should be baptised -- about which listen, as John speaks: "He having sent me to baptise with water" (Jn 1:33); so also Christ: "the publicans and the people do justify God, having been baptised with the baptism of John; the pharisees and the lawyers reject the counsel of God concerning themselves, not having been baptised by him" (Lk 7:29-30). Thus, if obedience to God constitutes righteousness, and God sent John to baptise the nation, then Christ has also fulfilled this along with all the other commandments.

Consider, that the commandments of the law is the main point of the two denarii: this -- debt, which our race has needed to pay; but we did not pay it, and we, falling under such an accusation, are embraced by death. Christ came, and finding us afflicted by it -- He paid the debt, fulfilled the necessary and seized from it those, who were not able to pay. Wherefore He does not say: "it is necessary for us to do this or that," but rather "to fulfill every righteousness." "It is for Me, being the Master, -- says He, -- proper to make payment for the needy." Such was the reason for His baptism -- wherefore they should see, that He had fulfilled all the law -- both this reason and also that, about which was spoken of before. Wherefore also the Spirit did descend as a dove: because where there is reconciliation with God -- there also is the dove. So also in the ark of Noah the dove did bring the branch of olive -- a sign of God's love of mankind and of the cessation of the flood. And now in the form of a dove, and not in a body -- this particularly deserves to be noted -- the Spirit descended, announcing the universal mercy of God and showing with it, that the spiritual man needs to be gentle, simple and innocent, as Christ also says: "Except ye be converted and become as children, ye shalt not enter into the Heavenly Kingdom" (Mt 18:3). But that ark, after the cessation of the flood, remained upon the earth; this ark, after the cessation of wrath, is taken to heaven, and now this Immaculate and Imperishable Body is situated at the right hand of the Father.

Having made mention about the Body of the Lord, I shall also say a little about this, and then the conclusion of the talk. Many now will approach the Holy Table on the occasion of the feast. But some approach not with trembling, but shoving, hitting others, blazing with anger, shouting, cursing, roughing it up with their fellows with great confusion. What, tell me, art thou troubled by, my fellow? What disturbeth thee? Do urgent affairs, for certain, summon thee? At this hour art thou particularly aware, that these affairs of thine that thou particularly rememberest, that thou art situated upon the earth, and dost thou think to mix about with people? But is it not with a soul of stone naturally to think, that in such a time thou stand upon the earth, and not exult with the Angels with whom to raise up victorious song to God? For this Christ also did describe us with eagles, saying: "where the corpse is, there are the eagles gathered" (Mt 24:28) -- so that we might have risen to heaven and soared to the heights, having ascended on the wings of the spirit; but we, like snakes, crawl upon the earth and eat dirt. Having been invited to supper, thou, although satiated before others, would not dare to leave before others while others are still reclining. But here, when the sacred doings are going on, thou at the very middle would pass by everything and leave? Is it for a worthy excuse? What excuse might it be? Judas, having communed that last evening on that final night, left hastily then as all the others were still reclining.

Here these also are in imitation of him, who leave before the final blessing! If he had not gone, then he would not have made the betrayal; if he did not leave his co-disciples, then he would not have perished; if he had not removed himself from the flock, then the wolf would not have seized and devoured him alone; if he had separated himself from the Pastor, then he would not have made himself the prey of wild beasts. Wherefore he (Judas) was with the Jews, and those (the apostles) went out with the Lord. Dost thou see, by what manner the final prayer after the offering of the sacrifice is accomplished? We should, beloved, stand forth for this, we should ponder this, fearful of the coming judgement for this. We should approach the Holy Sacrifice with great decorum, with proper piety, so as to merit us more of God's benevolence, to cleanse one's soul and to receive eternal blessings, of which may we all be worthy by the grace and love for mankind of our Lord Jesus Christ, to with Whom the Father, together with the Holy Spirit, be glory, power, and worship now and ever and unto ages of ages. Amen.

Η βάπτιση του Ιησού Χριστού.(Μητροπολίτου Σουρόζ Αντωνίου Μπλούμ)

 

Μητροπολίτου Σουρόζ Αντωνίου Μπλούμ (1914 -2003)

Πιστεύουμε, διαβεβαιώνουμε και γνωρίζουμε βιωματικά, ότι ο Κύριος ημών Ιησούς Χριστός ως άνθρωπος ήταν αναμάρτητος, και ως Θεός τέλειος σε όλα. Ποιοί λόγοι λοιπόν τον οδήγησαν στη βάπτιση; Ποιό θα μπορούσε να είναι το νόημα μιας τέτοιας πράξης; Το Ευαγγέλιο δεν δίνει σχετική εξήγηση, όμως εμείς έχουμε το δικαίωμα να θέσουμε το ερώτημα, το δικαίωμα να μείνουμε σαστισμένοι, το δικαίωμα να στοχαζόμαστε βαθιά για τη σημασία της βάπτισης.

Κάποτε, όταν ήμουν νέος, έθεσα το συγκεκριμένο ερώτημα σε έναν ηλικιωμένο ιερέα, ο οποίος μου αποκρίθηκε: «Ξέρεις, νομίζω ότι όταν οι άνθρωποι έρχονταν στον Ιωάννη, και εξομολογούνταν τις αμαρτίες τους, τα ψεύδη τους, τις πνευματικές και σαρκικές ακαθαρσίες τους, καθαρίζονταν κατά κάποιο τρόπο συμβολικά στα ύδατα του Ιορδάνη. Και τα νερά του ποταμού, όντας καθαρά, όπως ολα τα τρεχούμενα νερά, βαθμιαία ρυπαίνονταν, όπως συμβαίνει με τα νεκρά (στάσιμα) ύδατα, που έχουν χάσει κάθε ζωντάνια και δεν μπορούν να μεταδώσουν παρά μόνο το θάνατο. Τούτα τα νερά γεμάτα με τις ακαθαρσίες, τα ψεύδη, τις αμαρτίες, τον ανθρώπινο αθεϊσμο, σιγά-σιγά πέθαιναν, έχοντας την ικανότητα μόνο να σκοτώνουν. Και να που ο Χριστός καταδύεται στα ύδατα, γιατί ήθελε όχι μόνο να γίνει τέλειος σε όλα, αλλά ως άνθρωπος τέλειος ν’ αναλάβει όλη τη φρίκη, όλο το φορτίο της ανθρώπινης αμαρτίας. Βυθίστηκε σε αυτά τα νεκρά ύδατα, που Του μετέδωσαν τον θάνατο, την θνητότητα, που ήταν ιδιότητα όσων είχαν αμαρτήσει και ήταν φορείς της θνητότητας και του θανάτου, δηλαδή των οψωνίων της αμαρτίας (Ρωμ. 6,23), της τιμωρίας για την αμαρτία.

Είναι η στιγμή που ο Χριστός ενώνεται με τις συνέπειες της αμαρτίας, συμπεριλαμβανομένου και του ίδιου του θανάτου - ούτε κατ’ ελάχιστο με την αμαρτία καθεαυτή. Ο θάνατος όμως, συγκεκριμένα, δεν έχει τίποτα κοινό με Αυτόν, καθώς όπως γράφει ο Άγιος Μάξιμος ο Ομολογητής, δεν είναι δυνατόν μία ανθρώπινη ύπαρξη καθ’ ολοκληρίαν περιχωρημένη από τη θεότητα να είναι θνητή. Ένας λειτουργικός ύμνος που ακούμε κατά τη διάρκεια της Μεγάλης Εβδομάδας εκφράζει τούτη την αλήθεια ως εξής: «Υπό γην εκρύβης, ώσπερ ήλιος νυν…η ζωή πως θνήσκεις;…». Είναι η αιώνια ζωή, το φως, που τα δικά μας σκοτάδια το σβήνουν, και τελικά υφίσταται τον δικό μας θάνατο. Γι’ αυτό τον λόγο και λέγει στον Ιωάννη τον Βαπτιστή: μην επιμένεις, μην μ’ αποτρέπεις να μπω σε τούτα τα νερά, πρέπει και οι δυο μας να εκπληρώσουμε κάθε δικαιοσύνη, δηλαδή ο,τι είναι δίκαιο και ορθό, ο,τι πρέπει να γίνει για τη σωτηρία του κόσμου, και οφείλουμε να το πραγματώσουμε εδώ και τώρα.

Τότε όμως γιατί έφτασε στα νερά του βαπτίσματος στην ηλικία των τριάντα ετών, και όχι νωρίτερα η αργότερα; Καλούμαστε να σκεφτούμε βαθύτερα τη σημασία αυτού του γεγονότος.

Με την ενανθρώπηση του Λόγου στους κόλπους της Παρθένου, ο Θεός πραγματώνει εντελώς μονομερώς ένα έργο στα πλαίσια της θείας σοφίας και αγάπης. Η σωματικότητα, η έμψυχη ζωή, η ανθρωπότητα του γεννημένου Χριστού ήταν δανεισμένα, κατά κάποιο τρόπο, από τον Θεό δίχως να συμμετέχει ο άνθρωπος. Από την πλευρά της η Θεομήτωρ, είχε δώσει τη συγκατάθεσή της: «Ιδού η δούλη Κυρίου˙ ας γίνει ο,τι αναφέρουν τα λόγια σου» (Λουκ. 1,38). Το παιδί γεννήθηκε, έγινε άνθωπος με την πλήρη έννοια του όρου, δηλαδή είχε τον έλεγχο του εαυτού Του, με το δικαίωμα να επιλέγει ανάμεσα στο καλό και το κακό, τον Θεό και την άρνηση του Θεού. Και σε όλη τη διάρκεια της ζωής Του - νηπιότητα, εφηβεία, ενήλικος βίος - ανοίγεται προς τον Θεό προσφέροντας καθ’ ολοκληρίαν τον εαυτό Του. Με την ανθρώπινη φύση Του και χάρη στην πίστη και τη θυσία της Θεομήτορος, ανέλαβε ως άνθρωπος όλα όσα του είχε αναθέσει ο Θεός. Σαρκώθηκε για ν’ αναλάβει ως άνθρωπος όλα όσα είχε αναλάβει ο Θεός, όταν κατά την προαιώνιο Βουλή Του είχε αποφασίσει να δημιουργήσει τον άνθρωπο και να επωμιστεί, μετά την προπατορική πτώση, τις συνέπειες της δημιουργίας, καθώς και της φοβερής δωρεάς της ελευθερίας που προσφέρθηκε στον άνθρωπο. Στη σλαβονική μετάφραση της προφητείας του Ησαΐα (7,16), τίθεται το ζήτημα του Χριστού, τούτου του αγέννητου παιδιού, το οποίο, πριν να διακρίνει το αγαθό από το κακό, θα επέλεγε το αγαθό, ακριβώς επειδή είναι τέλειο κατά την ανθρώπινη φύση.

Να γιατί τούτος ο άνθρωπος Ιησούς Χριστός, προκόπτοντας μέχρις ότου η ανθρώπινη φύση Του φτάσει στην τελείωσή της, αναλαμβάνει πλήρως όσα ο Θεός και η πίστη της παναχράντου Θεοτόκου και Θεομήτορος Του εμπιστεύθηκε. Με την κατάδυσή Του στα νεκρά νερά του Ιορδάνη, έμοιαζε με το καθαρό λινάρι που το βυθίζουν μέσα στη χρωστική ουσία. Εκείνος που ήταν πιο λευκός κι από το χιόνι, αναδύεται τελικά από το νερό, όπως αναφέρει και ο προφήτης Ησαΐας, με ιμάτιο κατακόκκινο από το αίμα, με ένδυμα θανάτου, το ένδυμα που κλήθηκε να φορέσει.

Να λοιπόν ποια μηνύματα στέλνει η Βάπτιση του Κυρίου. Οφείλουμε να κατανοήσουμε ποια μεγαλόπρεπη ενέργεια περικλείει, ποια πράξη αγάπης θέτει ενώπιόν μας. Και μπροστά μας τίθεται διαρκώς ένα επίμονο ερώτημα: ποια θα είναι η απάντησή μας;

Η μεταμόρφωση του χρόνου

α) Σε κάθε εποχή ο άνθρωπος επιθυμεί να μετρήσει, να ελέγξει και να προσδιορίσει την αξία του χρόνου αλλά και να υπερβεί, εάν είναι δυνατόν, τα όριά του. Αυτό φαίνεται από τα μνημεία του παγκόσμιου πολιτισμού, καθώς και από διάφορες αντιλήψεις που διατυπώθηκαν γι’ αυτόν. Στους εξωβιβλικούς λαούς και τις κοσμικές θρησκείες αναπτύχθηκαν μυθολογικές απόψεις για την ιερότητα και την ανακύκληση του χρόνου. Έτσι προέκυψε η αντίληψη, ότι ο χρόνος ανακυκλώνεται. Η θέση αυτή είχε επικρατήσει και στην αρχαιοελληνική σκέψη.

β) Κατά την προχριστιανική περίοδο δημιουργήθηκαν διάφοροι εορταστικοί κύκλοι. Η πρώτη εκάστου μηνός, η πρώτη του έτους, οι ισημερίες, τα ηλιοστάσια ή διάφορα σημαντικά γεγονότα γίνονταν αφορμή εορτασμών. Στην Παλαιά Διαθήκη λ.χ. το Σάββατο συνδέθηκε με την έβδομη ημέρα της δημιουργίας και ως ημέρα καταπαύσεως του Θεού «από πάντων των έργων αυτού» προσέλαβε βαθύ εορταστικό συμβολισμό. Ο αριθμός επτά θεωρούμενος εντός του εβδομαδιαίου κύκλου, συμβολίζει την πληρότητα της δημιουργίας και συγχρόνως τον κοσμικό χρόνο της εβδομάδος.

γ) Όμως, η θρησκευτική τυποποίηση της αργίας του Σαββάτου καθώς και των άλλων εορτών τις απομάκρυνε από το ανθρωπιστικό τους περιεχόμενο. Έτσι ο λόγος του Θεού δια του προφήτου γίνεται επιτιμητικός: «Τα νουμηνίας και τα Σάββατα υμών μισεί η ψυχή μου… Μάθετε το καλό να κάνετε, τη δικαιοσύνη επιδιώξτε, τον καταπιεσμένο βοηθήστε» (Ησ. 1, 13 κ.ε.). Η Εκκλησία, μεταθέτοντας το κέντρο βάρους από το Σάββατο στην Κυριακή, η οποία είναι ταυτόχρονα η πρώτη και όγδοη ημέρα της εβδομάδος, διανοίγει το χώρο της χάριτος και της βασιλείας του Θεού. Η Κυριακή ως κατεξοχήν αναστάσιμη ημέρα γίνεται το εβδομαδιαίο Πάσχα.

δ) Για τους χριστιανούς οι μήνες, οι χρόνοι, οι αιώνες και οι χιλιετίες βρίσκονται στα χέρια του Κυρίου Παντοκράτορος. Εκείνος εξουσιάζει το χρόνο και  ανάγει στην αιωνιότητα, αφού είναι άναρχος και αιώνιος. «Κατ’ αρχάς συ, Κύριε την γην εθεμελίωσας και έργα των χειρών σου εισίν οι ουρανοί», διδάσκει η Γραφή και συνεχίζει: «Αυτοί θα εξαφανιστούν, ενώ εσύ θα παραμένεις. Τα πάντα θα παλιώσουν σαν ρούχο… Εσύ όμως παραμένεις ο ίδιος, τα χρόνια σου ποτέ δεν θα τελειώσουν» (Εβρ. 1, 10-12).

ε) Στο εορτολόγιο της Εκκλησίας με την καλλιέργεια της μνήμης προβάλλονται ως παρόντα όλα εκείνα τα σωστικά γεγονότα, που ο Θεός μετέρχεται εντός της ιστορίας για τη λύτρωση του ανθρώπου. Γέννηση του Χριστού, Περιτομή, Υπαπαντή, Βάπτιση, Μεταμόρφωση, Σταύρωση, Ανάσταση και Ανάληψη βιώνονται ως γεγονότα του παρόντος. Εορτάζεται ακόμη η μνήμη των φίλων του Θεού, των αγίων, των δικαίων, των προφητών, των αποστόλων, των μαρτύρων, των ιεραρχών, των ομολογητών, των οσίων, αλλά και των νεομαρτύρων πού ευαρέστησαν το Θεό και αγάπησαν τον συνάνθρωπο σε καιρούς χαλεπούς.

στ) Στην Εκκλησία φανερώνεται, τί έκαμε ο Θεός για το πλάσμα του, αλλά και τί μπορεί να επιτύχει ο άνθρωπος, όταν φωτίζεται από το Άγιο Πνεύμα και εμπνέεται από την αγάπη του Θεού. Οι χριστιανοί αν και εύχονται τα έτη να είναι πολλά, καλά και ειρηνικά, δεν θεωρούν το χρόνο ως υπέρτατο αγαθό. Τον θεωρούν ως καιρό αγώνος και ασκήσεως πνευματικής, αφού προσεύχονται «τον υπόλοιπον χρόνον της ζωής τους να διέρχονται εν ειρήνη και μετανοία».

ζ) Στον παρόντα χρόνο προετοιμάζεται με τη συνεργία του Παρακλήτου η συμμετοχή στον Παράδεισο της θείας αγάπης. Όποιος καταθέτει τη ζωή του στα χέρια του Θεού και τηρεί τις εντολές του, δεν φοβάται το μέλλον. Εμπνέεται από την πίστη των προφητών, των αποστόλων και των αγίων του παρελθόντος, αγωνίζεται για τη βίωση της αγάπης στο παρόν και διατηρεί ζωντανή την ελπίδα μετοχής στη μέλλουσα βασιλεία και δόξα. Τότε μπορεί να απευθύνεται σε Εκείνον που είναι «το Α και το Ω, ο πρώτος και ο έσχατος, αρχή και τέλος», και να του λέγει: «Ναι έρχου Κύριε  Ιησού» (Αποκ. 22,13).

Πηγή: pemptousia

Love of God by St. Ignatius Brianchaninov

 

 St. Ignatius Brianchaninov

 

Love God as He commanded you to love Him, and not as self-deluded daydreamers think they love Him.

Do not fabricate raptures for yourself, do not excite your nerves, do not inflame yourself with a material fire, with the fire of your blood. The sacrifice pleasing to God is humility of heart, contrition of spirit. With wrath does God turn away from sacrifices offered with self-confident presumption, with a proud opinion of oneself, though the sacrifice be a whole burnt offering.

Pride excites the nerves, heats the blood, arouses daydreaming, enlivens the life of the fall; humility calms the nerves, subdues the motion of the blood, eliminates daydreaming, mortifies falls, enlivens the life in Jesus Christ.

"Obedience" before the Lord "is greater than good sacrifice, and submission than the fat of rams," said the Prophet to the Israelite king who had dared to offer to God a wrong sacrifice (1 Samuel 15:22). When you wish to offer to God the sacrifice of love, do not offer it self-willfully, from a thoughtless impulse; offer it with humility, in that time and that place which the Lord commanded

The spiritual place on which alone spiritual sacrifices are commanded to be offered is humility. (Saying of St. Pimen the Great from the Alphabetical Patericon).

The Lord marked the one who loves and the one who does not love by true and exact signs: "If a man love Me, he will keep My word. He that loveth Me not keepeth not My sayings" (John 14:23-24).

Do you wish to learn the love of God? Shun every deed, word, thought, and feeling forbidden by the Gospel. By your enmity towards sin which is so hated by All-holy God, you will show and prove your love for God. When due to weakness it happens that you fall into transgressions, heal them at once by repentance. But it is better to strive not to allow yourself even these transgressions, by strict watchfulness over yourself.

Do you wish to learn the love of God? Assiduously learn the commandments of the Lord in the Gospel, and strive to fulfill them in very deed. Strive to turn the Gospel virtues into habits, into your qualities. For a person who loves, it is natural to fulfill the will of the beloved with exactness.

"I have loved Thy commandments more than gold and topaz: therefore, I directed myself toward all Thy commandments; every path of unrighteousness have I hated," says the Prophet (Ps. 118:127, 128, LXX). Such conduct is indispensable for maintaining fidelity to God. Fidelity is the unalterable condition of love. Without this condition, love is dissolved.

By the constant shunning of evil and fulfilling of the Gospel virtues-which comprises the whole Gospel moral teaching-we attain the love of God. And by this same means do we abide in the love of God: "If ye keep My commandments, ye shall abide in My love," said the Savior (John 15:10).

The perfection of love consists in union with God; advancing in love is joined with inexpressible spiritual consolation, delight, and enlightenment. But in the beginning of the struggle, the disciple of love must undergo a violent warfare with himself, with his own deeply damaged nature: evil, which through the fall became innate to our nature, has become for it a law, warring and revolting against the Law of God, against the law of holy love.

Love of God is founded on love of one's neighbor. When the remembrance of wrongs is obliterated in you: then you are close to love. When your heart is overshadowed by holy, grace-given peace towards all humanity: then you are at the very doors of love. But these doors are opened by the Holy Spirit alone. Love of God is a gift from God in a person who has prepared himself to receive this gift by purity of heart, mind, and body. The degree of the gift is according to the degree of preparation: because God, even in His mercy, is just.

Love of God is entirely spiritual: "that which is born of the Spirit is spirit" (John 3:6). "That which is born of the flesh is flesh" (John 3:6): carnal love, as something born of flesh and blood, has material, corrupt properties. It is inconstant, changeable: its fire is completely dependent on matter.

Hearing from Scripture that our God is a fire (Heb.12:29), that love is a fire, and feeling in yourself a fire of natural love, do not think that this is one and the same fire. No! These fires are at enmity with one another and are swallowed up by one another (Ladder, steps 3 and 15). "Let us serve in a manner well-pleasing to God, with reverence and fear; for our God is a consuming fire" (Heb. 12:28-29).

Natural love, i.e. fallen love, heats a person's blood, excites his nerves, and arouses daydreaming; holy love cools the blood, calms both soul and body, draws the inner man towards prayerful silence, and immerses him in rapture through humility and spiritual delight. Many ascetics, having taken natural love for Divine love, excited their blood, and excited their daydreams also. The condition of excitement passed very easily into a condition of frenzy. Many took those who were in a state of excitement and frenzy for persons filled with grace and holiness, while they were actually unfortunate victims of self-delusion.

There were many such ascetics in the Western Church from the time it fell into heresy, in which Divine properties are blasphemously ascribed to a man, and veneration which is due and fitting to God alone is given to a man; many of these ascetics wrote books from their excited condition in which frenzied self-delusion seemed to them to be divine love, in which their disordered imagination painted for them a multitude of visions which flattered their self-love and pride.

Son of the Eastern Church! Shun the reading of such books, avoid following the precepts of those who are self-deluded. Guided by the Gospel and the holy Fathers of the true Church, ascend with humility to the spiritual height of Divine love by the means of fulfilling Christ's commandments in deed.

Know firmly that love for God is the highest gift of the Holy Spirit, and a person can only prepare himself, through purity and humility, for the receiving of this great gift, through which mind and heart and body are changed.

In vain is the labor, fruitless is it and harmful, when we seek to discover in ourselves high spiritual gifts prematurely: merciful God gives them in His own time, to the constant, patient, humble fulfillers of the Gospel commandments. Amen.

Μία όμορφη ιστορία του Paulo Coelho

Ένας άντρας , το άλογο και ο σκύλος του περπατούσαν σε έναν δρόμο.Και καθώς περνούσαν κάτω από ένα ταιράστιο δέντρο έπεσε ένας κεραυνός και τους έκανε και τους τρεις στάχτη.
Όμως ο άντρας δεν κατάλαβε ότι είχε εγκαταλείψει αυτόν τον κόσμο , και συνέχισε την πορεία του με τα δυο του ζώα .Ο δρόμος ήταν πολύ μακρύς και ανέβαιναν σε ένα λόφο.Ο ήλιος ήταν πολύ δυνατός κι αυτοί ίδρωναν και διψούσαν.Σε μια στροφή του δρόμου είδαν μία πανέμορφη μαρμάρινη πύλη που οδηγούσε σε μια πλατεία στρωμένη με πλάκες από χρυσάφι.Ο διαβάτης μας κατευθύνθηκε προς τον άνθρωπο που φύλαγε την είσοδο και είχε μαζί του τον εξής διάλογο: -Καλημέρα – Καλημέρα , απάντησε ο φύλακας – Πώς λέγεται αυτό το τόσο όμορφο μέρος; - Αυτός είναι ο παράδεισος – Τι καλά που φτάσαμε στον Παράδεισο , γιατί διψάμε – Μπορείτε Κύριε να μπείτε και να πιείτε όσο νερό θέλετε.Και ο φύλακας του έδειξε την πηγή.- Ναι , μα το άλογο και ο σκύλος μου διψούν επίσης…-Λυπάμαι πολύ, είπε ο φύλακας – αλλά εδώ απαγορεύεται η είσοδος στα ζώα.
Ο άντρας αρνήθηκε με μεγάλη δυσκολία , μιας και διψούσε πολύ , αλλά δεν σκεφτόταν να πιει μόνο αυτός.Ευχαρίστησε τον φύλακα και συνέχισε την πορεία του.Αφού περπάτησαν για αρκετή ώρα στην ανηφοριά , εξαντλημένοι πλέον και οι τρεις , έφτασαν σε ένα άλλο μέρος , η είσοδος του οποίου ξεχώριζε από μια παλιά πόρτα που οδηγούσε σε έναν χωματόδρομο περικυκλωμένο από δέντρα…Στη σκιά ενός δέντρου καθόταν ένας άντρας , και είχε το κεφάλι σκεπασμένο με ένα καπέλο.Μαλλόν κοιμόταν.Καλημέρα – είπε ο διαβάτης.Ο άντρας έγνεψε σε απάντηση με το κεφάλι του.Διψάμε πολύ , το άλογό μου , ο σκύλος μου κι εγώ.Υπάρχει μια πηγή ανάμεσα σε εκείνα τα βράχια – είπε ο άντρας, δείχνοντας το μέρος.Μπορείτε να πιείτε όσο νερό θέλετε.Ο άνθρωπος , το άλογο και ο σκύλος πήγαν στην πηγή και κατεύνασαν τη δίψα τους.Ο διαβάτης γύρισε πίσω να ευχαριστήσει τον άντρα.Μπορείτε να ξανάρθετε όποτε θέλετε , του απάντησε εκείνος.Επί τη ευκαιρία , πώς ονομάζεται αυτό το μέρος ; ρώτησε ο άντρας.ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΣΟΣ.O Παράδεισος ;Μα , ο φύλακας της μαρμάρινης εισόδου μου είπε ότι εκείνο ήταν ο Παράδεισος.Εκείνο δεν ήταν ο παράδεισος.Ήταν η Κόλαση , απάντησε ο φύλακας.Ο διαβάτης έμεινε σαστισμένος.Θα έπρεπε να τους απαγορεύσετε να χρησιμοποιούν το όνομά σας.Αυτή η λάθος πληροφορία μπορεί να προκαλέσει μεγάλο μπέρδεμα , είπε ο διαβάτης.Σε καμιά περίπτωση – αντέτεινε ο άντρας.Στην πραγματικότητα , μας κάνουν μεγάλη χάρη , διότι εκεί παραμένουν όλοι όσοι είναι ικανοί να εγκαταλείψουν τους καλύτερούς τους φίλους…
Ποτέ να μην εγκαταλείπεις τους πραγματικούς σου φίλους ακόμη κι αν αυτό σου προκαλεί δυσκολίες.Εάν αυτοί σου προσφέρουν την αγάπη τους και τη συντροφιά τους έχεις ένα χρέος :Να μην τους εγκαταλείψεις ποτέ.Διότι: Το να κάνεις ένα φίλο είναι ευλογία , το να έχεις ένα φίλο είναι δώρο , το να κρατήσεις ένα φίλο είναι αρετή , το να είναι κάποιος φίλος σου … είναι τιμή…

Ερμηνεία της εικόνας της Περιτομής του Κυρίου

Οκτώ ημέρες μετά την μεγάλη Δεσποτική εορτή των Χριστουγέννων, την μητρόπολη των εορτών σύμφωνα με τον Άγιο Ιωάννη τον Χρυσόστομο, η Εκκλησία μας γιορτάζει άλλη μία μεγάλη Δεσποτική εορτή, την Περιτομή του Χριστού.

Η εικόνα της εορτής στην οποία θα αναφερθούμε προέρχεται από την Ιερά Μονή του Αγίου Παντελεήμονος (Ρωσσικόν), του Αγίου Όρους. Ο οκταήμερος κατά την Μητέρα, και άναρχος κατά τον Πατέρα, ως βρέφος Χριστός εικονίζεται ξαπλωμένος ανάμεσα στην Παναγία, τον Ιωσήφ, και τούς Ιερείς του ναού να δέχεται από αγάπη και φιλανθρωπία για το ανθρώπινο γένος όχι μόνο την περιβολή των σπαργάνων, αλλά και αυτή την περιτομή της σαρκός.

Η εντολή του Θεού που δόθηκε αρχικά στον Αβραάμ προέβλεπε την περιτομή σε κάθε αρσενικό παιδί, «περιτμηθήσεται ὑμῶν πᾶν ἀρσενικόν, καὶ περιτμηθήσεσθε τὴν σάρκα τῆς ἀκροβυστίας ὑμῶν, καὶ ἔσται εἰς σημεῖον διαθήκης ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ ὑμῶν καὶ παιδίον ὀκτὼ ἡμερῶν περιτμηθήσεται ὑμῖν, πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν εἰς τὰς γενεὰς ὑμῶν» (Γεν. κεφ. ιζ 10 - 12).

Η περιτομή αν και τρομερά επώδυνη και αιματηρή πράξη, ήταν απαραίτητη για να δηλώση τον πιστό και καθαρό Ισραηλίτη. Ωστόσο ο βαθύτερος λόγος για τον οποίο γινόταν η περιτομή φαινεται από τον λόγο του Θεού στον Αβραάμ, «καὶ ἔσται εἰς σημεῖον διαθήκης ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ ὑμῶν». Έχει να κάνη δηλαδή με συμφωνία, με διαθήκη, ανάμεσα στον Θεό και τούς πιστούς Του. Αλλωστε περιτομή είχαν και άλλοι λαοί, οπως οι ειδωλολάτρες και οι ιερείς των Αιγυπτίων, οι Σαρακηνοί, οι Ισμαηλίτες και άλλοι, αλλά οι περισότεροι από αυτούς δεν την έκαναν από θεοσέβεια, αλλά χάριν συνηθείας (Σεβ. Μητρ. Ιεροθέου: «Οι Δεσποτικές Εορτές»).

Η περιτομή ήταν προτύπωση του Βαπτίσματος που θα δινόταν με την ενανθρώπηση του Χριστού. Ο Χριστός ήταν εκείνος που έδωσε τον Νόμο στην Παλαιά Διαθήκη, και ο ίδιος έπρεπε να τον εφαρμόσει και στον εαυτό Του. Έτσι ώστε να τον συμπληρώσει και να τον υπερβεί. Είναι πολύ χαρακτιριστικό το πρώτο στιχηρό ιδιόμελο του εσπερινού της εορτής «Συγκαταβαίνων ὁ Σωτήρ, τῷ γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων, κατεδέξατο σπαργάνων περιβολήν, οὐκ ἐβδελύξατο σαρκὸς τὴν περιτομήν», διότι δείχνει ότι ο Χριστός δέχτηκε την περιτομή από φιλανθρωπία και αγάπη για τον άνθρωπο, καθώς και για να αποδείξει ότι προσέλαβε αληθινή ανθρώπινη φύση, και όχι όπως υποστήριζαν οι Δοκιτιστές κατά δόκησιν και κατά φαντασίαν.Ο Χριστός απέδειξε με την Περιτομή Του, ότι το Σώμα του δεν ήταν ομοούσιο με την θεότητα. Τό σώμα αφού θεώθηκε από την θεότητα του Λόγου, έγινε ομόθεο όχι όμως ομοούσιο με τον Θεό. Αυτό σημαίνει ότι και το Σώμα του Χριστού είναι πηγή της ακτίστου Χάριτος του Θεού, αλλά δεν έχει την ίδια ουσία με την θεότητα. (Μητροπολίτου Ιεροθέου ένθ. ανωτ.).

Σύνφωνα με τον άγιο Ιωάννη τον Δαμασκηνό η περιτομή ήταν τύπος του Βαπτίσματος, της αχειροποιήτου δηλαδή περιτομής όπου ο άνθρωπος αποβάλλει την αμαρτία.

Είναι έκδηλη στην εικόνα η ευλάβεια των γονέων αλλά και των ιερέων. Ο ένας από τούς ιερείς κρατά ανοικτό βιβλίο, υποδηλώνοντας έτσι τον νόμο που ήταν δοσμένος από τον Θεό, και ο άλλος με κάποιο αιχμηρό αντικείμενο πλησιάζει προς τον Ιησού. Η τελετή λαμβάνει χώρα εντός του ναού, ενώ μπροστά από τον Χριστό εικονίζεται ο άγιος Βασίλειος ο Μέγας, που εορτάζει την ίδια μέρα. Είναι ενδεδυμένος με περίτεχνο φαιλόνι όπως και τα άμφια των ιερέων. Φοράει ωμόφορο χρυσοκέντητο, κρατάει χρυσό ευαγγέλιο, ενώ με το άλλο χέρι ευλογεί.

Πρέπει να τονίσουμε την σπουδαιότητα αυτής της μεγάλης Δεσποτικής εορτής, διότι αποτελούσε προεικόνιση του μεγάλου μυστηρίου του Βαπτίσματος. Ο Θεός εδωσε τον νόμο στην Παλαιά Διαθήκη για να προετοιμάση τον λαό για την υποδοχή του Χριστού. Ο άγιος Ιωάννης ο Ευαγγελιστής λέγει «ο νόμος διά Μωϋσέως εδόθη, η χάρις και η αλήθεια διά Ιησού Χριστού εγένετο». Η θέωση του ανθρώπου δεν επιτυγχάνεται διά της εξωτερικής τηρήσεως του νόμου, αλλά διά της κοινωνίας με το Πρόσωπο του Σωτήρος Χριστού.

Σημειώνη ο άγιος Κύριλλος Αλεξανδρείας πως η περιτομή δεν είχε την δύναμη να καταργήση τον θάνατο, σε αντίθεση με το βάπτισμα όπου ο άνθρωπος γίνεται μέρος του αναστημένου Σώματος του Χριστού, υπερβαίνει τον νόμο και κατατάσσεται στα τέκνα του θεού.

Για το θέμα της περιτομής και της ακροβυστίας έγινε μεγάλο ζήτημα στην Εκκλησία, όταν μετά την Πεντηκοστή τέθηκε ο προβληματισμός για το αν οι προσήλυτοι στον Χριστιανισμό έπρεπε να περιτέμνονται. Εκεί, οι Ιουδαίοι υποστήριζαν ότι άνευ περιτομής «ου δύνασθαι σωθήναι». Η απόφαση της Αποστολικής εκείνης Συνόδου ήταν να μή περιτέμνονται όσοι προσέρχονται εκ των εθνών, αλλά να απέχουν από ειδωλόθυτα, αίμα, πνικτό και πορνεία.. Οδηγήθηκαν σ’ αυτή την απόφαση ακριβώς διότι, εφ όσον η περιτομή ήταν προτύπωση του Βαπτίσματος προετοιμάζοντας τον λαό για την παρουσία του Σωτήρος, δεν ήταν απαραίτητο να υπάρχει.

Η όλη παράσταση διακρίνεται για την λιτότητα και την σεμνότητά της, καθώς και για μία μεγαλοπρέπεια που κρύβεται πίσω από τις κινήσεις των προσώπων, ενώ κεντρικό παραμένει πάντοτε το σώμα του μικρού Χριστού.

Πηγή: ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΗ ΠΑΡΕΜΒΑΣΗ

A New Year's Eve Tale by Photios Kontoglou

 Saint Basil The Great

A tale of Photios Kontoglou

(Describes a visit of St. Basil on the eve of his feast, years after his repose. Translated from the Greek original.*)
The Nativity Feast having passed, St. Basil took his staff and traversed all of the towns, in order to see who would celebrate his Feast Day with purity of heart. He passed through regions of every sort and through villages of prominence, yet regardless of where he knocked, no door opened to him, since they took him for a beggar. And he would depart embittered, for, though he needed nothing from men, he felt how much pain the heart of every impecunious person must have endured at the insensitivity that these people showed him. One day, as he was leaving such a merciless village, he went by the graveyard, where he saw that the tombs were in ruins, the headstones broken and turned topsy-turvy, and how the newly dug graves had been turned up by jackals. Saint that he was, he heard the dead speaking and saying: “During the time that we were on the earth, we labored, we were heavy-burdened, leaving behind us children and grandchildren to light just a candle, to burn a little incense on our behalf; but we behold nothing, neither a Priest to read over our heads a memorial service nor kóllyva, as though we had left behind no one.” Thus, St. Basil was once again disquieted, and he said to himself, “These villagers give aid neither to the living nor to the deceased,” departing from the cemetery and setting out alone in the midst of the freezing snow.

On the eve of the New Year, he came upon a certain hamlet, which was the poorest of the poor villages in all of Greece. The freezing wind howled through the scrub bush and the rocky cliffs, and not a living soul was to be found in the pitch-dark night! Then, he beheld in front of him a small knoll, below which there was secreted away a sheepfold. St. Basil went into the pen and, knocking on the door of the hut with his staff, called out: “Have mercy on me, a poor man, for the sake of your deceased relatives, for even Christ lived as a beggar on this earth.” Awakening, the dogs lunged at him.

But as they drew near him and sniffed him, they became gentle, wagged their tails, and lay down at his feet, whimpering imploringly and with joy. Thereupon, a shepherd, a young man of twenty-five or so, with a curly black beard, opened the door and stepped out: John Barbákos—a demure and rugged man, a sheepman. Before taking a good look at who was knocking, he had already said, “Enter, come inside. Good day, Happy New Year!”

Inside the hut, a lamp was suspended overhead from a cradle that was attached to two beams. Next to the hearth was their bedding, and John’s wife was sleeping. As soon as St. Basil went inside, John, seeing that the old man was a clergyman, took his hand and kissed it, saying, “Your blessing, Elder,” as though he had known him previously and as though he were his father. And the Saint said to him: “May you and all of your household be blessed, together with your sheep, and may the peace of God be upon you.” The wife then arose, and she, too, reverenced the Elder and kissed his hand, and he blessed her. St. Basil looked like a mendicant monk, with an old skoúphia, his rása worn and patched, and his tsaroúchia [a traditional leather slipper, usually adorned with a pompom at the end of the shoe] full of holes; as well, he had an old empty-looking satchel. John the blessed put wood on the fire. Straightway the hut began to glisten, as though seemingly a palace. The rafters seemed to be gilded with gold, while the hanging cheesecloth bags [filled with curing cheese] looked like vigil lamps, and the wooden containers, cheese presses, and all of the accessories used by John in making cheese became like silver, as though decorated by diamonds, as did all of the other humble things that John the blessed had in his hut. The wood burning in the hearth crackled and sang like the birds that sing in Paradise, giving off a fragrance wholly delightful. The couple placed St. Basil near the fire, where he sat, and the wife put down pillows on which he could rest. Then the Elder took the satchel from around his neck, placing it next to him, and removed his old ráson (outside cassock), remaining in his zostikó [inner cassock].

Together with his farmhand, John the blessed went out to milk the sheep and to place the newborn lambs in the lambing pen, and afterwards he separated the ewes that were ready to birth and confined them within the enclosure, while his helper put the other sheep out to graze. His flock was sparse and John was poor; yet, he was blessed. And he was possessed of great joy at all times, day and night, for he was a good man and he had a good wife. Anyone who happened to pass by their hut they cared for as though he were a brother. And it is thus that St. Basil found lodging in their home and settled in, as if it were his own, blessing it from top to bottom. On that night, he was awaited, in all of the cities and villages of the known world, by rulers, Hierarchs, and officials; but he went to none of these. Instead, he went to lodge in the hut of John the blessed.

So, John, after pasturing the sheep, came back in and said to the Saint, “Elder, I am greatly joyful. I wish to have you read to us the writings about St. Basil [i.e., the appointed hymns to the Saint]. I am an illiterate man, but I like all of the writings of our religion [once again, the hymns and services of the Church]. In fact, I have a small book from an Hagiorite Abbot [i.e., from Mt. Athos], and whenever someone who can read and write happens to pass by, I get him to read out of the booklet, since we have no Church near us.”

In the East, it was dimly dawning. St Basil rose and stood, facing eastward, making his Cross. He then bent down, took a booklet from his satchel, and said, “Blessed is our God, always, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages.” John the blessed went and stood behind him, and his wife, having nursed their baby, also went to stand near him, with her arms crossed [over her chest]. St. Basil then said the hymn, “God is the Lord...” and the Apolytikion of the Feast of the Circumcision, “Without change, Thou hast assumed human form,” omitting his own Apolytikion, which states, “Thy sound is gone forth unto all the earth.” His voice was sweet and humble, and John and his wife felt great contrition, even though they did not understand all of the words. St. Basil now said the whole of Matins and the Canon of the Feast, “Come, O ye peoples, and let us chant a song unto Christ God,” without reciting his own canon, which goes, “O Basil, we would that thy voice were present....” Thereafter, he said aloud the entire Liturgy, pronounced the dismissal, and blessed the household. As they sat at the table, having eaten and finished their food, the wife brought the Vasilopeta [a sweet bread or cake baked in honor of St. Basil on the New Year] and placed it on the serving table. Then St. Basil took a knife and with it traced the sign of the Cross on the Vasilopeta, saying, “In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.” He cut a first piece, saying, “for Christ,” a second, afterwards, saying, “for the Panagia,” and then “for the master of the house, John the blessed.” John exclaimed, “Elder, you forgot St. Basil!” The Saint replied, “Yes, indeed,” and thus said, “And for the servant of God, Basil.” After this, he resumed: “...and for the master of the house,” “for the mistress of the house,” “for the child,” “for the farmhand,” “for the animals,” and “for the poor.” Thereupon, John the blessed said, “Elder, why did you not cut a piece for your reverendship?” And the Saint said, “But I did, O blessed one!” But John, this blissful man, did not understand.

Afterwards, St. Basil stood up and said the prayer, “O Lord my God, I know that I am not worthy that Thou shouldest enter under the roof of the house of my soul.” John the Blessed then said: “I wonder if you can tell me, Elder, since you know many things, to what palaces St. Basil went this evening? And the rulers and monarchs—what sins do they have? We poor people are sinners, since our poverty leads us into sin.” St. Basil said the same prayer, again—with tears—though changing it: “O Lord my God, I have seen that Thy servant John the simple is worthy and that it is meet that Thou shouldest enter into his shelter. He is a babe, and it is to babes that Thy Mysteries are revealed.” And again John the blissful, John the blessed, understood nothing....

* This well-known and charming short story by Phótios Kóntoglou has appeared in several versions, both in Greek and in what are, unfortunately, largely poor English translations. Kontoglou’s Greek is quite difficult to translate, since he uses many words common to the dialect of Greeks in Asia Minor. Though some of these words are actually derived from ancient Greek, in general they are part of a language spoken today by less literate Greeks. Thus, there is a tendency to render them in English slang, which detracts from the power of Kontoglou’s Greek and his writing and imagery. At other times, translators fail at finding the middle ground between stilted literal translations and translations which add so much to the original Greek texts that Kontoglou’s characteristic literary style is lost. I have used, here, the Greek text published by Harmos Publications (Athens, Greece, 1994) in its collection Diegémata ton Christougénnon, and have tried to capture in my rendering the style, simple eloquence, and sensitivity of the author’s story as it reads in Greek—Archbishop Chrysostomos of Etna.