Blurred Lines - Priestly Pastoral Care & the Responsibility of the Laity

Published on 1 Mar 2013 PRODUCER: Media Office of the Eastern American Diocese www.eadiocese.org Blurred Lines - Blurred Lines - Priestly Pastoral Care & the Responsibility of the Laity A lecture by Archpriest Steven Ritter PASTORAL RESOURCES PROGRAM

Η αγία και μεγάλη Τεσσαρακοστή... πορεία προς την ΖΩΗ

Πριν από 520 χρόνια, ο διάσημος εξερευνητής Χριστόφορος Κολόμβος, μετά από 70 ημέρες ταξίδι και σκληρό αγώνα με τα άγρια κύματα και τον δύσκολο χαρακτήρα των υπόλοιπων ναυτικών, ανακάλυψε το νέο κόσμο, την Αμερική.
Το ίδιο και ο αγωνιζόμενος κατά των παθών του, χριστιανός, στις 70 ημέρες του πνευματικότατου Τριωδίου (από Κυριακή Τελώνου και Φαρισαίου μέχρι Μ. Σάββατο βράδυ), κατορθώνει να ανακαλύψει τον πάμφωτο κόσμο της ανάστασης του Ιησού.
Η Σαρακοστή είναι περίπου το 1/10 του χρόνου (αν εκλάβουμε ότι αυτός αποτελείται χονδρικά από 400 ημέρες). Συνήθεια Ιουδαίων, και Χριστιανών αργότερα, ήταν να προσφέρουν τη Δεκάτη στους φτωχότερους. Αν όλοι εφάρμοζαν σήμερα τη χρυσή αυτή κοινωνική συνήθεια δεν θα υπήρχαν πλέον αναγκεμένοι άνθρωποι. Η Μ. Σαρακοστή λέγεται ‘Μεγάλη’ γιατί είναι κατά μια εβδομάδα μεγαλύτερη από εκείνη των Χριστουγέννων. Η τελευταία Εβδομάδα λέγεται ‘Μεγάλη’ γιατί αναπαριστά τα τελευταία κοσμοσωτήρια γεγονότα της ζωής του Ιησού. Η Μ. Σαρακοστή είναι μοναδική και ξεχωριστή περίοδος του εκκλησιαστικού έτους. Όαση μέσα στη σύγχρονη Σαχάρα. Στη Ρωσία, τη Μ. Σαρακοστή, τα δικαστήρια και τα θέατρα αργούσαν. Ακόμη και τα παιδιά περιόριζαν τα παιχνίδια τους στους δρόμους (Αλέξ. Σμέμαν, Μ. Σαρακοστή, σελ. 115).
Περιλαμβάνει ωραιότατες και θεολογικότατες Ακολουθίες, όπως του Εσπερινού των Κυριακών, του Μ. Αποδείπνου, τις Λειτουργίες των Προηγιασμένων Δώρων, τους Χαιρετισμούς της Θεοτόκου, τους Εσπερινούς Σαββάτου και Όρθρου Κυριακής, τις Λειτουργίες του Μ. Βασιλείου, του Μ. Κανόνα:
Ο Εσπερινός των Κυριακών περιλαμβάνει τον γνωστό αρχαιότατο ύμνο ‘Φως Ιλαρόν’, θαυμάσιους ψαλμούς (103, 140, 141), κατανυκτικούς ύμνους κ.α. Ο Εσπερινός και ο Όρθρος δημιουργήθηκαν στη Μονή του Αγίου Σάββα στα Ιεροσόλυμα και από εκεί διαδόθηκαν σε όλη την Εκκλησία.
Το Μ. Απόδειπνο τελείται όλη τη Μ. Σαρακοστή και ακούγεται το ‘Κύριε των Δυνάμεων μεθ’ ημών γενού’, που προέρχεται από τον ψλμ. 45: «Κύριος των Δυνάμεων μεθ’ ημών». Ο ψλμ. αυτός ενέπνευσε το 1822 τον αγωνιστή Λυκούργο Λογοθέτη και εμψύχωσε τους Σάμιους ώστε απέτρεψαν την τουρκική επέλαση στο νησί(Κ. Καλλινίκου, ‘Ο ιερός Ψαλτήρ εν τη πράξει’, Θεσσαλ. 1927, σελ. 34-35).




Στις Λειτουργίες Προηγιασμένων (συνήθως Τετάρτη και Παρασκευή), επειδή είναι πένθιμη όλη αυτή η περίοδος και δεν τελείται Λειτουργία τις καθημερινές (πλην Σαββάτου), και για να κοινωνούν όσοι επιθυμούν, τα Άγια έχουν προσκομισθεί από προηγούμενη Κυριακάτικη Λειτουργία, τα οποία μεταφέρει ο ιερέας με σκεπασμένη κεφαλή, αργά και πολύ κατανυκτικά, από το πλαϊνό παραπόρτι μέσω της Ωραίας Πύλης στην Άγια Τράπεζα. Διαβάζονται 15 ψαλμοί (119-133) που λέγονται ‘Προς Κύριον’, Αναγνώσματα από Γένεση, Παροιμίες και Ιώβ και 10 τροπάρια της ημέρας. Ιδιαίτερη γλυκύτητα έχει το ‘Κατευθυνθήτω η προσευχή μου ως θυμίαμα ενώπιόν σου….’. Ο Σαιν Σαν, διάσημος μουσουργός, όταν άκουσε στην Αλεξάνδρεια για πρώτη φορά βυζαντινή μουσική, έμεινε έκπληκτος και δήλωσε ότι ευχαρίστως θα θυσίαζε τη μουσική του προκειμένου να γράψει βυζαντινά μέλη (βλ. Ν. Τσιγκούλη, ‘Η Βυζαντινή μουσική ως ελληνοχριστιανική παράδοσις’, Αθ. 1967, σελ. 34).
Οι Χαιρετισμοί προς την Θεοτόκο, που ψάλλονται κάθε Παρασκευή βράδυ (εξαίρετος ύμνος το ‘Τη Υπερμάχω Στρατηγώ τα νικητήρια’), ξεκίνησαν να συνθέτονται μετά τον Αύγουστο του 626, όταν οι Άβαροι πολιόρκησαν την Κωνσταντινούπολη και σώθηκε η Πόλις θαυματουργικά. Η Θεοτόκος ονομάζεται από τους Πατέρες της Εκκλησίας ‘Προφήτις’, ‘θεός μετά τον Θεό’, και ‘το πιο μεγάλο θαύμα του κόσμου’. Επαινέθηκε από τον αρχάγγελο Γαβριήλ και ονομάστηκε ‘Κεχαριτωμένη’, κατά τη θεία σύλληψη του Ιησού (Λουκ. 1,28). Κατά το τέλος, διαβάζονται οι θαυμάσιες ευχές του Αποδείπνου ‘και δος ημίν Δέσποτα προς ύπνον απιούσιν…’, καθώς και το ‘Άσπιλε, Αμόλυντε, Άφθορε, Άχραντε, Αγνή Παρθένε Θεόνυμφε, Δέσποινα….’, έργα του 11ου αι. Το τελευταίο τροπάριο ‘την ωραιότητα της Παρθενίας σου…’ αποδίδει τη σπουδαιότητα της εορτής.
Οι Εσπερινοί του Σαββάτου και Όρθρου Κυριακής είναι αφιερωμένοι στην Ανάσταση του Κυρίου. Ακούγεται το ‘Ότε κατήλθες …..’, το ‘Ευφραινέσθω τα ουράνια…’ και το ‘Εξ ύψους κατήλθες ο εύσπλαχνος….’. Η Εκκλησία, και ο Χριστιανισμός γενικότερα, στηρίζεται στον άδειο τάφο του Ιησού. Μεγαλύτερη απόδειξη της αναστάσεως, κατά τον Χρυσόστομο, αποτελεί ο μαρτυρικός θάνατος των 10 αποστόλων (αν εξαιρέσουμε τον Ιωάννη τον Θεολόγο που πέθανε σε βαθειά γεράματα και τον Ιούδα που απαγχονίστηκε) και πολλών άλλων μαθητών του Χριστού, οι οποίοι είδαν με τα μάτια τους τον αναστημένο Ιησού και δεν φοβήθηκαν να χάσουν περιουσίες, οικογένειες και αυτή τη ζωή τους γι’ Αυτόν.
Η Λειτουργία του Μ. Βασιλείου, τελείται 10 φορές το χρόνο (Αγ. Βασιλείου, Παραμονής Χριστουγέννων και Θεοφανείων, 5 Κυριακών Μ. Σαρακοστής, Μ. Πέμπτη και Μ. Σάββατο). Η Θεία Λειτουργία είναι το ωραιότερο ποίημα των αιώνων. Ο Νικόλαος Γκόγκολ, εξέχων ρώσος λογοτέχνης, έγραψε τα εξής: ‘αν ο κόσμος δεν έχει ακόμη καταστραφεί, αυτό οφείλεται στη Θ. Λειτουργία’ (στο βιβλίο του ‘Λειτουργία’). Ιωάννης ο Χρυσόστομος παρατήρησε τα εξής: ‘από τις επτά ημέρες της εβδομάδος, ο Θεός ζήτησε να του διαθέσουμε μόνο δύο ώρες Κυριακάτικης λειτουργίας και ούτε αυτό μπορούμε να του προσφέρουμε! (ΕΠ 49,363). Αυτό πραγματικά δείχνει αχαριστία.
Ο Μ. Κανόνας τελείται το απόγευμα της Τετάρτης της πέμπτης εβδομάδας των Νηστειών. Αποτελείται από 250 τροπάρια και άλλα προς τιμήν της αγίας Μαρίας της Αιγυπτίας και του αγίου Ανδρέα (επισκόπου) Κρήτης (+740 μ.Χ.), εφευρέτη των Κανόνων (8 ομάδες κατανυκτικότατων ύμνων. Ο πρώτος ύμνος κάθε ομάδας λέγεται ‘ειρμός’ γιατί δίνει τη μελωδία του στα επόμενα τροπάρια). Είναι ύμνος μετανοίας. Δεκάδες μορφές από την Π.Δ. και την Κ.Δ. παρελαύνουν στο ποιητικό αυτό αριστούργημα. Καρδιά του Μ. Κανόνα είναι το ‘ψυχή μου, ψυχή μου, ανάστα τι καθεύδεις;’ Δύο λόγια παρακάτω για τους σταθμούς της εκκλησιαστικής μας υμνογραφίας: Από τα πρώτα χριστιανικά χρόνια μέχρι το 300 μ.Χ. ίσχυσαν τα Τροπάρια, απλοί ύμνοι που ονομάστηκαν έτσι γιατί εξαρτώνται από τον τρόπο που ψάλλονται (και το περιεχόμενό τους: Δοξαστικά, Θεοτοκία, Απολυτίκια κ.α.). Έξοχο δείγμα είναι το ‘Φως ιλαρόν’ του εσπερινού. Τη 2η περίοδο (3ος -8ος μ.Χ.: των μεγάλων Πατέρων της Εκκλησίας) επικράτησαν τα Κοντάκια: ομάδα ύμνων αφιερωμένων σε κάποιο εορταζόμενο γεγονός. Ονομάστηκαν έτσι γιατί ήταν τυλιγμένα σε Κοντό (ξύλο). Από τον 8ο αι. κ.ε. επικρατούν οι Κανόνες, στα χρόνια του Ιω. Δαμασκηνού και Θεόδωρου Στουδίτη. Από τότε έχουμε και τους 8 ήχους (4 κανονικούς και 4 πλάγιους).
Τα ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ ΜΗΝΥΜΑΤΑ που εξάγονται από την πνευματικότατη αυτή περίοδο είναι τα ακόλουθα:
Η Εκκλησία είναι ένα συνεχές θαύμα, ο πολυτιμότερος θησαυρός, όπου βιώνουμε τον λειτουργικό ή συμπυκνωμένο χρόνο. Στον Ατλαντικό ωκεανό, πλοίαρχος μεγάλου πλοίου απέστειλε τον γιο του, έμπειρο ναυτικό, σε κινδυνεύον πλοίο. Ο πλοίαρχος όμως του κινδυνεύοντος πλοίου αρνήθηκε τη σωτηρία, με αποτέλεσμα να καταποντιστούν όλοι. Το γεγονός επισημαίνει τον Κυβερνήτη Θεό, τον απεσταλμένο Υιό του και την άρνηση πολλών ανθρώπων να σωθούν. Την εποχή του Αριστοτέλη, άγριοι ληστές έδεναν έναν ζωντανό με έναν πεθαμένο άνθρωπο, μέχρις ότου πέθαινε και ο ζωντανός. Ο Χριστός είναι ανώτερος ελευθερωτής από κάποιον που θα έλυνε και θα έσωζε τους δυστυχείς συλληφθέντες.
Συνεχές θαύμα είναι και η Θεία Ευχαριστία: Στην αρχαία Ρώμη, ο δωδεκάχρονος Ταρσίζιος έλαβε από τον ιερέα τα Τίμια Δώρα για να τα φέρει σε μια φυλακή. Πεθαίνει στο δρόμο από τα κτυπήματα άλλων παιδιών, προστατεύοντας τη Θ. Ευχαριστία στον κόρφο του. Προλαβαίνει και παραδίδει σε χριστιανό αξιωματικό τα Τίμια Δώρα και ο επίσκοπος στέλνει με διάκονο στη φυλακή τη Θεία Κοινωνία. Εκεί αλυσοδεμένος ιερέας τελεί τη Θ. Λειτουργία και μεταλαμβάνει τους φυλακισμένους, κάνοντας το στήθος του ο διάκονος Άγια Τράπεζα. Την άλλη μέρα μαρτύρησαν όλοι για το Χριστό με την ακατάβλητη δύναμη του Δεσποτικού αίματος. Κατά το Μυστικό Δείπνο, ο Χριστός είπε στους μαθητές του: ‘ό,τι αν ζητήσετε στο όνομά μου θα σας το πραγματοποιήσω’ (Ιω. 14,13). Ο Κυβερνήτης του πλοίου δεν φαίνεται, κυβερνιέται όμως το πλοίο. Ο χαρταετός των παιδιών χάνεται στα σύννεφα, αλλά με τον κραδασμό του σπάγκου γίνεται αντιληπτός. Έτσι συμβαίνει με τον αετό του Πνεύματος, που είναι ο Χριστός. Γίνεται αντιληπτός από την εσωτερική, πνευματική παρουσία στην καρδιά. Πράγματι, όταν ο Χριστός ανακοίνωσε ότι από δω και πέρα θα τρώνε και θα πίνουν το σώμα και το αίμα του, αρκετοί αναχώρησαν από κοντά του. Στρεφόμενος προς τους μαθητές του, ο Χριστός ρωτά: ‘μήπως και σεις θέλετε να φύγετε;’ Τότε ο απ. Πέτρος του απαντά: ‘Κύριε, σε ποιον να πάμε; Εσύ, μόνο, έχεις λόγια ζωής αιωνίου’ (Ιω. 6,68).
Η προσευχή, είναι η αναπνοή της ψυχής. ‘Τι φωνάζεις προς εμένα;’ λέει ο Θεός στον Μωυσή (Εξ. 14,15), όταν εκείνος εσωτερικά προσευχόταν. Η δύναμη της προσευχής του ήταν μεγάλη, φώναζε η καρδιά του, η φωνή της ψυχής του έφτανε έως τα ουράνια (Χρυσόστομος). Ο τυφλός που φώναζε στο Χριστό, η αιμορροούσα γυναίκα, ο ληστής στο σταυρό, ο τελώνης, ο απ. Πέτρος και ο σεισμός στη φυλακή, ο σεισμός στη φυλακή του απ. Παύλου (Πράξεις 16) είναι μερικά δείγματα θαυματουργικής προσευχής. Ο μέγιστος ποιητής Θωμάς Έλιοτ από άπιστος έγινε χριστιανός, όταν παρατήρησε απλούς ανθρώπους να προσεύχονται γονατιστοί, γεμάτοι από ουράνια χαρά, σε μοναστήρι της Αγγλίας. Η Doreen Irvin, βασίλισσα άλλοτε της μαύρης μαγείας, ακούγοντας ένα βράδυ προσευχόμενους πιστούς και την αρμονική μελωδία, μεταστράφηκε και επέστρεψε στον Χριστιανισμό. Η προσευχή αποδυναμώνεται στην τυπολατρεία (εξωτερικές μόνο εκδηλώσεις πίστεως), τη συνήθεια (η προσευχή των ιερέων πρέπει να είναι το ‘κάνε Θεέ μου να μη σε συνηθίσω’), την ασέβεια (σχολιασμός και κατάκριση προσώπων) και στον σπάνιο εκκλησιασμό.
Η Αγία Γραφή είναι το γράμμα του Θεού: Ακόμα και μεγάλοι φιλόσοφοι αισθάνονταν μεγάλο σεισμό μέσα τους όταν διάβαζαν την Α.Γ. Π.χ. ο Βολταίρος όταν διάβαζε τον 50ο ψλμ. (ελέησόν με ο Θεός…). Ο Κάντ δεν βρήκε την ευτυχία στα χιλιάδες βιβλία που διάβασε, παρά μόνο στον 22ο ψλμ. (εάν και πορευθώ εν μέσω σκιάς θανάτου ου φοβηθήσομαι κακά, ότι συ μετ’ εμού ει Κύριε). Αν λαμβάνοντας κάρτες, γράμματα, μηνύματα κινητού ή e mail φίλων και συγγενών αισθανόμαστε συγκίνηση και αγάπη, πόση θερμότητα καρδιάς πρέπει να νιώθουμε για το ουράνιο βιβλίο του μεγάλου μας συγγενή Θεού; Τέλος, ο Ναπολέοντας και ο Ντοστογέφσκυ γνώρισαν τον Χριστό από την Καινή Διαθήκη, που ο μεν πρώτος διάβασε στο νησί της φυλακίσεώς του ‘Αγία Ελένη’, ο δε δεύτερος αφού του το χάρισε μια γερόντισσα, στο δρόμο του προς την εξορία της Σιβηρίας.
Η Μετάνοια-Εξομολόγηση σημαίνει αλλαγή πορείας: το 1966 βυθίστηκε το ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΟ, στη Φαλκονέρα (πάνω από την Κρήτη). Χάθηκαν 220 επιβάτες. Το Λιμεναρχείο Πειραιά είχε δώσει έκτακτο σήμα κακοκαιρίας, που δεν το έλαβε υπόψη του ο καπετάνιος, υπερεκτιμώντας τις δυνατότητες του σκάφους. Ένα άλλο όμως πλοίο, το ΦΑΙΣΤΟΣ (από Χανιά προς Πειραιά) άλλαξε εγκαίρως πορεία και σώθηκε στον Πειραιά. Ο ωκεανός είναι η σύγχρονη Κοινωνία. Εμείς είμαστε τα καράβια παντός καιρού. Το Λιμεναρχείο (ο Θεός) στέλνει κατεπείγοντα μηνύματα – σήματα και υποδεικνύει την αλλαγή πορείας. Τρομερή τρικυμία είναι τα πάθη της ψυχής, οι κακίες μας, οι αδυναμίες μας. Σωζόμαστε μόνο αν κυβερνά ο Χριστός και μέσα στην Εκκλησία Του. Ο Χριστός είναι το άκακο αρνάκι των Ευαγγελίων, που σφαγιάστηκε για μας. Ποια θα είναι η απολογία μας, αν όταν εμείς τρώμε το αρνάκι, γινόμαστε λύκοι; Ένας ρώσος εγκληματίας τον περασμένο αιώνα, όταν του δόθηκε χάρη, εξομολογήθηκε στον άγιο ηγούμενο ενός απόμακρου μοναστηριού. Ο ηγούμενος είπε αργότερα ότι ήταν ο πιο ανώτερος επισκέπτης, αφού μετάνιωσε ειλικρινά και εξομολογήθηκε με πόνο ψυχής. Η Εξομολόγηση είναι το καλύτερο φάρμακο για τα ψυχικά νοσήματα, σύμφωνα και με τον Ελβετό ψυχίατρο Γιούγκ. Η βασίλισσα των Ασσυρίων Σεμίραμη, φόνευσε τον άντρα της, αφού της επέτρεψε να βασιλέψει για μια μέρα μόνο. Έτσι κάνει και η αμαρτία. Σε σαγηνεύει προσωρινά, για να σε αποκαρδιώσει αμέσως μετά. Εργάτες σε εργοστάσιο κατεργασίας μετάλλων στην Ευρώπη υποβλήθηκαν σε επίπονη θεραπεία, όταν στα μάτια τους μπήκαν ρινίσματα σιδήρου. Η επέμβαση των γιατρών έφερε θετικό αποτέλεσμα, αν και πόνεσαν κατά την θεραπεία. Το ίδιο συμβαίνει με την Εξομολόγηση, διότι καθαρίζει η ψυχή, έστω και με πόνο και ντροπή.
Τέλος, τα καλά έργα θα μας συνοδεύουν αιώνια: Η παραβολή των 10 παρθένων μάς το δείχνει ωραιότατα (Ματθ. 25). Εκεί οι 5 μωρές παρθένες κοιμήθηκαν, έσβησαν αφού δεν είχαν λάδι τα φανάρια τους, και δεν πρόλαβαν να εισέλθουν στον γάμο. Αντίθετα, οι 5 φρόνιμες αγνές κοπέλες, είχαν φροντίσει έγκαιρα ώστε να έχουν αρκετό λάδι και έτσι υποδέχτηκαν τον Νυμφίο και εισήλθαν στο τραπέζι του γάμου. Ο αριθμός 10 συμβολίζει όλους τους ανθρώπους. Οι 5 φρόνιμες κοπέλες παριστούν τους ενάρετους ανθρώπους. Οι λαμπάδες συμβολίζουν την πίστη και το λάδι τα καλά έργα. Οι 5 μωρές κοπέλες σημαίνουν όσους δεν έχουν καλά έργα. Ο ύπνος σημαίνει τον θάνατο και ο γάμος την αιώνια βασιλεία του Θεού. Από τη σύγχρονη ζωή, ο καθ. Ιατρικής Ρήγας Νικολαϊδης έγινε χριστιανός από το παράδειγμα της υπηρέτριάς του, που ένοιωθε μεγάλη ευτυχία από την πίστη της, μολονότι αγράμματη και πτωχή, και ζούσε πολύ ενάρετα. Ο Παπουλάκος, λαϊκός ιεροκήρυκας του περασμένου αιώνα, έλεγε την εξής ιστορία: Κάποτε κινδύνευε ένας άνθρωπος να καταδικαστεί. Από τους 3 φίλους του, την ημέρα της δίκης, ο 1ος έμεινε ψυχρός, ο 2ος τον συνόδευσε μέχρι την πόρτα του δικαστηρίου, ενώ ο 3ος αγόρευσε και μάλιστα τον γλύτωσε από την φυλακή. Ο υπόδικος είναι ο κάθε άνθρωπος μπροστά στην τελική κρίση του Θεού. Ο πρώτος φίλος είναι τα χρήματα, που μένουν αδιάφορα. Ο δεύτερος, οι φίλοι και συγγενείς που συνοδεύουν μέχρι τον τάφο. Δεν μπορούν να προχωρήσουν παραπέρα. Ο τρίτος φίλος είναι τα καλά έργα, η αγάπη και η αγιότητα που τον οδηγούν στην αιώνια ζωή.
Ο δρόμος λοιπόν για την Βασιλεία των Ουρανών περνά μέσα από την ευσέβεια, την αγάπη, την μυστηριακή ζωή και την ταπείνωση. Με αυτά θα είμαστε χαρούμενοι και σ’ αυτή και στην άλλη ζωή.


(Πνευματικά Σταχυολογήματα από το εξαίρετο βιβλίο του εκλεκτού θεολόγου (δ.θ.) Νικόλαου Γ. Νευράκη: ΤΟ ΚΑΤΑΝΥΚΤΙΚΟ ΤΡΙΩΔΙΟ, Αθήνα 1995)

Met.Anthony(Bloom) of Sourozh-On the Great and Holy Lent

 

By Metropolitan Anthony of Sourozh (+2003), edited for length.

 

Contrary to what many think or feel, Lent is a time of joy. It is a time when we come back to life. It is a time when we shake off what is bad and dead in us in order to become able to live, to live with all the vastness, all the depth, and all the intensity to which we are called. Unless we understand this quality of joy in Lent, we will make of it a monstrous caricature, a time when in God’s own name we make our life a misery.

This notion of joy connected with effort, with ascetical endeavor, with strenuous effort may indeed seem strange, and yet it runs through the whole of our spiritual life, through the life of the Church and the life of the Gospel. The Kingdom of God is something to be conquered. It is not simply given to those who leisurely, lazily wait for it to come. To those who wait for it in that spirit, it will come indeed; it will come like the Judgment of God, like the thief who enters when he is not expected, like the bridegroom, who arrives while the foolish virgins are asleep.

It may strike us as strange to hear that in Church we proclaim the Gospel— the good news—of judgment, and yet we do. We proclaim that the Day of the Lord is not fear, but hope, and declare together with the spirit of the Church: Come, Lord Jesus, and come soon (cf. Rev 22:20).

So long as we are incapable of speaking in these terms, we lack something important in our Christian consciousness. In spite of what we say, we are still pagans dressed up in evangelical garments. We are still people for whom God is a God outside of us, for whom His coming is darkness and fear, and Whose judgment is not our redemption but our condemnation; we dread the moment when we will meet our Lord and do consider it to be the event we long and live for. Unless we realize this, Lent cannot be a joy, since Lent brings us both judgment and responsibility: we must judge ourselves in order to change, in order to become able to meet the Day of the Lord, the Resurrection, with an open heart, with faith, ready to rejoice in the fact that he has come.

Every coming of the Lord is judgment. The Fathers draw a parallel between Christ and Noah. They say that the presence of Noah in his generation was at the same time condemnation and salvation. It was condemnation because the presence of one man who remained faithful, of just one man who was a saint of God, was evidence that holiness was possible and that those who were sinners, those who had rejected God and turned away from him, could have done otherwise. And the same is true of the coming of the Lord.

There is also another joy in judgment. Judgment is not something that falls upon us from outside. Yes, the day will come when we will stand before God and be judged; but while our pilgrimage still continues, while there still lies ahead of us the road that leads us towards the fullness of the stature of Christ, then judgment must be pronounced by ourselves. There is a constant dialogue within us throughout our lives. Recall the parable in which Christ says: Make your peace with your adversary while you are on the way. (Mt 5:25). Some of the spiritual writers have seen in the adversary not the devil (with whom we cannot make our peace, with whom we are not to come to terms), but our conscience, which throughout life walks apace with us and never leaves us in peace. Our conscience is in continuous dialogue with us, gainsaying us at every moment, and we must come to terms with it because otherwise the moment will come when we finally reach the Judge, and then our adversary will become our accuser, and we will in turn stand condemned.

So while we are on the road, judgment is something which goes on constantly within ourselves, a dialogue, a dialectical tension between our thoughts and our emotions and our feelings and our actions; they stand in judgment before us and we stand in judgment before them. But in this respect we very often walk in darkness (due to our darkened mind, our darkened heart, and the darkening of our eye—which should be clear). It is only if the Lord himself sheds his light into our soul and upon our life, allowing us to see what is wrong and what is right in us.

There is a remarkable passage in the writings of St. John of Kronstadt in which he says that God does not reveal to us the ugliness of our souls unless he can see in us sufficient faith and sufficient hope for us not to be broken by the vision of our own sins. In other words, whenever we see ourselves with our dark side, we can then understand ourselves more clearly in the light of God, that is, in the light of the divine judgment. This means two things: it means that we are saddened to discover our own ugliness, indeed, but also that we can rejoice at the same time, since God has granted us his trust. He has entrusted to us a new knowledge of ourselves as we are, as he himself always saw us and as, at times, he did not allow us to see ourselves, because we could not bear the sight of truth.

Here again, judgment becomes joy, because although we discover what is wrong, yet the discovery is conditioned by the knowledge that God has seen enough faith, enough hope and enough fortitude in us to allow us to see these things, because he knows that now we are able to act. We are in darkness, God is in light. We see nothing but our judgment and condemnation at the very moment when we should be emerging out of darkness into the saving act of God, which is both our judgment and our salvation.

The Orthodox Church, through Her wisdom, introduces Lent with a series of preparatory weeks in which the readings of the Gospel lead us step by step from outer darkness, as it were, to the point of light and judgment.

The first, dramatic stage in which we find ourselves consists in the fact that we are blind and yet are unaware of our blindness. The first reading from the Gospel that confronts us with this aspect of our preparation for Lent is the story of Bartimaeus, the blind man at the gate of Jericho, a man who either had lost his sight or was born blind, but was left there in the darkness, in the outer darkness. There was no light for him, there was no life for him, either, and there was no joy for him. He probably had come to terms with his distress. He continued to exist, since he could not live. He continued to exist day after day thanks to the cold, indifferent charity of passers-by.

But one thing made his misery both dramatic and tragic: he lived in the time of Jesus. More than once Bartimaeus must have heard of this man of God who had come to the world, who was healing and renewing people and things, a man who had opened the eye of blind men, who had given sight to the man born blind. The presence of the possibility of salvation, of an impossible healing, must have made his darkness even darker. Possible it was, if God came his way, yet impossible, because how could he find the itinerant preacher and healer who never was still, never in the same place? How could a blind man keep pace with him? Darkness came into his awareness because there was a possibility that he might see. His despair became deeper than ever before, because there was hope. And so, when Christ came near him he could ask for healing from the very depth of his despair and from the very depth of a total, passionate longing for salvation. The coming of God had made him aware of darkness as he had never been before, aware as never before of the tragedy which he lived.

This is the first step, which we must accept and which we find so difficult to accept: we must face our true situation, not consoling ourselves with the thought that we have some sort of life within us that can replace divine life. We must accept that we are in darkness as far as the light of God is concerned. And then we must do something about it. We must become aware of the fact that without light we are lost, because the darkness is death, the absence of God. But when it comes to doing something, there are two things that stand in our way. First, we will not act unless we are aware of our desperate state. We will instead pray and ask God to do something. Even though we are not even praying, we hope that He will come and act. And, it is only out of a sense of deadly urgency that we begin to act, like Bartimaeus, whom no one could stop from crying out, shouting for help, since he knew that this was the decisive moment. Christ was passing by. In a minute he would be gone and the darkness would become permanent, irremediable.

Another thing that prevents us from doing something is the way we are afraid of people. I remember a man in prison who told me how marvelous it was to be found out, because, as he said, "So long as I had not been found out, I spent all my time, and my effort, trying to look as though I was alright. The moment I was caught I felt, ‘Now I can choose: I can either remain what I was, a thief and a cheat, or else I can change. Now I am free to become different, and no one will be any more surprised than they were to discover that I was a thief.’ "

As long as you have appearances to maintain it is terribly difficult to change, and this is what the parable of Zacchaeus, which follows the story the Blind Man, brings out so clearly. The problem of Zacchaeus was this: he wanted to see Christ. Would he take the risk of being ridiculed or not? To be ridiculed is a lot more difficult than to be disapproved of, because when we are sharply disapproved of we can hide behind our own pride. But to be laughed at, to be ridiculed, is something which is beyond the courage of most of us. Can you imagine a bank manager in a small town climbing a tree in the midst of a big crowd, with all the boys whistling, pointing at him with their fingers, making cat-cries and the rest, just for the sake of meeting Christ? Well, that was the position of Zacchaeus, the rich man. But for him meeting Christ was so essential, such a question of death and life, that he was prepared to disregard the ridicule, the humiliation, attached to his action; and he saw Christ.

There are two ways out of our dependence upon human opinions and human judgments. We must either do what Zacchaeus did, accept humiliation because it is essential to be saved, or we can let our hearts be hardened, and accept the pride that will negate the judgment of others. There is no third way. We have all experienced situations whereby we knew what was right, and we knew what was wrong, and never decided for either right or wrong. Why? Because whenever we turn to the wrong we are afraid of the judgment of God, while whenever we turn to the right we are afraid of the judgment of men. Pride or humility are the only two paths by which we can leave this situation. And then there is the problem of God’s judgment. The story of Zacchaeus shows how we can oscillate between the judgment of men and the judgment of God. Now comes the opportunity for another move.

Isn’t it time, when we are confronted with life and death, for us to judge ourselves and not be completely dependent upon others? We see this in the Publican and the Pharisee—the first, sharp, definite judgment which is both human and divine, because both coincide. If we ask ourselves how it is possible that the Pharisee could be so proud in spite of knowing so much about God and things divine, how it was that the Publican could be so truly humble in spite of being simple, I think we can find the answer in this: the terms of reference for the Pharisee were found in the law, the letter of the law. One can always be right as far as the law and the letter is concerned. One can always fulfill rules and commandments. One can always have "done one’s duty" and feel irreproachable. The terms of reference of the Publican, however, were different. He was not a good man. What he knew of the law was this: certain aspects of the law condemned him because he knew what he was like. Certain other aspects of the law he could use in order to extort whatever he wanted out of other people. The law for him was a powerful, cruel, hard instrument in his hands or in the hands of God. And as he knew life, he knew perfectly well that the only salvation from the law was human mercy, human compassion, a human approach and attitude to one another.

That was the only thing that could save a debtor from prison or save an extortioner from the judgment of the magistrate: a human touch. The Publican’s terms of reference were people, his neighbors, including that invisible neighbor, God. This is why he could stand at the threshold of the temple and beat his breast, though hopelessly: in spite of all the logic of things, he knew that in his world of hard, cruel, implacable men there were moments when all things become possible, for a man can be a man even when he is hardened and cruel. And so it was with God. The law was there to condemn him, but God was "Someone." He was not only the Law-giver. He was not only the One who made sure that the law is observed. He was free within His law to act with humanity. This knowledge made the Publican humble before God, because his terms of reference contained hope, and the object of his hope was mercy, pity, charity. This made all things possible, in spite of the fact that it is so humiliating to be loved and to be saved by love.

The same truth appears in another way in the next parable, that of the Prodigal Son. Here again we find two men, one who is righteous and another who is unrighteous. The Prodigal Son is in a way another aspect of the Publican, and the elder brother is the same as the Pharisee. But here we are confronted not only with the tension between a law that is objective, but we are also confronted with the theme of sin itself. What does it mean to be in sin? It can be clearly defined in terms of the short conversation between the son and the father at the beginning of the parable. And if you want to put it in words more modern and cruder than the Gospel, it really amounts to this: "Father, I want to live, and you stand in my way. As long as you are alive the goods are yours. Die, for all intents and purposes. Let us suppose that you are already dead. I have no time to wait until you die in fact. Let us agree that as far as I am concerned I have no father left, but I have his goods because I have inherited them."

This is the sort of speech which we find, with the same or perhaps lesser hardness, on so many occasions between children and parents, between people who are related to one another in one way or another. It really involves saying: "As a person you do not matter. You stand in my way. The only thing that is of value to me is what I can get out of you. And so that I may get all I can from you, you must surrender even your existence. You must accept not to be."

This is grave sin, sin with regard to God, and sin with regard to man. With regard to God we are happy to take everything he gives and then turn him out of our lives. We are happy to go into a strange country to spend all he has given, while denying his existence with the same ruthlessness with which, in Holy Week, the soldiers covered the eyes of Christ so he could not see, so that they would be able to laugh at him more freely. The same is so often true of our relationships with people. And this is sin as well. This is the very point: to rule the other out because he doesn’t matter. What matters are things—and the use I can make of them.

And then there is another aspect in this parable: hunger, distress, loneliness, all those things which we so hate in life, and yet which come to us as our only salvation, because as long as we are surrounded with comfort, we don’t notice our true situation. We prove unable to move inward and to see that we are lonely in the midst of this crowd and that we are poor in the midst of all this richness. It is important for us to realize that all that comes our way which is bitter, which is hard, which is difficult, which we hate with all our greed and with all or fear—that is our salvation. To be deprived is essential for us. And if we are not deprived, we must learn to deprive ourselves to the point of becoming aware that we are face to face with the living God, at all timers!

We misjudge our situation so badly in this respect. There is a beautiful passage in the Tales of the Hassidim translated by Martin Buber, in which he tells about a man, a rabbi, who lived in appalling misery and yet every morning and every evening thanked God for his generous gifts. One of those who heard his prayer said to him, "How can you be so hypocritical? Don’t you see that God has given you nothing?" And he said, "No, you are mistaken. God looked on me and thought, ‘This man, to be saved, needs hunger and thirst and cold and loneliness and illness and dereliction.’ And he has given me these things in abundance." This is the true, Christian attitude, the attitude of a believer for whom the soul really matters. And this is what the return of the Prodigal Son to himself shows us. It also shows us another thing. The Prodigal Son comes back, having rehearsed his confession, and says: I have sinned against heaven and against thee. I am no longer worthy to be called thy son. Let me be like the hired servants. But the father does not allow him to say the last words.

Each of us can be a prodigal son, a prodigal daughter, an unworthy son, an unworthy daughter, an unworthy friend. What no one can do is to adjust himself to a relationship, however worthy, below his rank. No one who is an unworthy son can become a worthy hireling. We cannot step down from our birthright, from the right which love gave us in the first place. And therefore we are not to look for compromise and for legal readjustments with God and say, "I can’t give you my heart but I will behave well. I can’t love you but I will serve you," and so forth. This is a lie, a relationship which God is not prepared to accept and will refuse to accept.

The last step on our way towards Lent is one which is shown to us in the Parable of the Sheep and the Goats. It sets before us the following problem: what are we going to judge and to be judged about? We may have thought that we will be judged on whether we have a deep knowledge of God, whether we are theologians, whether we live in the transcendental realm. This parable makes it absolutely clear that God’s question to us, before we can enter into any kind of divine reality, is this: have you been human? If you have not, that you may become like the God-Man Jesus, who is the measure of all things. This is very important, because the type of judgment which we are constantly making is a falsified judgment. We notice how pious we are, how much knowledge of God we have, questions belonging to the realm of what an English writer has called "Churchianity" as contrasted with Christianity. But the question which Christ asks us is this: Are you human or sub-human? Are you capable of love or not? I was hungry, I was thirsty, I was naked, I was in prison, I was ill. What did you do about it? Were you able to respond with your heart to my misery, were you able to respond at a cost and with all your humanity—or not? At this point we must remember what we have said before concerning the Pharisee and the Publican. Christ does not ask us to fulfill the law. He will not count the number of loaves of bread and of cups of water and the number of visits we pay to hospitals and so forth. He will measure our heart’s response. And this is made clear from the words of Christ in another part of St. John’s Gospel, where he says, And when ye shall have done all those things which are commanded you, say, we are unprofitable servants. The doing means nothing. We become human at the moment when, like the Publican, like the Prodigal Son, we have entered into the realm of broken-heartedness, into the realm of love which is a response both to divine love and to human suffering. This cannot be measured. We can never, on that level, say, "I am safe. I will come to the judgment and be one of the sheep," because it will not be a question of whether or not we have accomplished the law, but whether this law has become so much ourselves that it has grown into the mystery of love.

There, at that point, we will be on the fringe, on the very threshold of entering into that spring of life, that renewal of life, that newness of all things, which is Lent. We will have gone through all these stages of judgment, and will have emerged from blindness and from the law into a vision of the mysterious relationship which may be called mercy or grace. And we will be face to face with being human. But we must remember that to be human does not mean to be "like us" but "like Christ." With this we can enter Lent and begin to experience through the readings of the Church, through the prayers of the Church, through the process of repentance, that discovery of the acts of divine grace which alone can lead us towards growth into the full stature of the likeness of Christ.

I have brought you to the gate. Now you must walk into it.

Elder Cleopas Ilie-On The Second Coming of Our Lord

By Elder Cleopa of Romania, from "The Truth of Our Faith," Ch. 15.

  Inquirer: Father, what can you tell us about the exact date of the Second Coming of Christ?

Elder Cleopa: Christ’s true Church provides us with a number of apt testimonies which show that God did not entrust this date to anyone, neither to angels, nor to men, nor even to His own Son as man.

Listen to the divine words of Scripture on the subject:

But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only. But as the days of Noah were, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noah entered into the ark, and knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be ... Watch therefore: for ye know not what hour your Lord doth come. But know this, that if the good man of the house had known in what watch the thief would come, he would have watched, and would not have suffered his house to be broken up. Therefore be ye also ready: for in such an hour as ye think not the Son of man cometh. (Mt 24:36-51).

If neither the angels in heaven nor the Son of Man Himself as man know the appointed time, how is it possible for it to be known among men? From the words of the Saviour it is understood only that we must be ever vigilant and mindful of our salvation, ever ready for the coming of the Lord, for we know neither the day nor the hour of His coming, nor even the hour of our own end in this life. His appearance will be unexpected, as the Lord forewarned us when he said, Watch therefore, for ye know neither the day nor the hour wherein the Son of Man cometh. (Mt 25:13).

Inquirer: It is true that at first the Apostles didn’t know the exact date of the Second Coming of the Saviour (Mt 24:36), however, from the time they were strengthened from on high at the descent of the Holy Spirit they were made aware of all. For, as the Saviour foretold, by the Holy Spirit all the mysteries were revealed: I have yet many things to say unto you, but ye cannot bear them now. Howbeit when He, the Spirit of truth, is come, He will guide you into all truth: for He shall not speak of Himself; but whatsoever He shall hear, that shall He speak: and He will shew you things to come. (Jn. 16:12-13). From the time of the descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost the Apostles, as well as all faithful Christians, with the illumination and wisdom given them by the Holy Spirit, were made able to know all truth. In other words, they became aware of the entirety of the divine plan for the history of the world and its end, and thus were able to determine through Holy Scripture the events of the future, such as the date of the Second Coming. Isn’t such a determination possible?

Elder Cleopa: William Miller calculated that, according to Scripture, the Second Coming of Christ would take place between the first of March 1843 and the first of March 1844. He had announced this date as early as 1833 in the brochure "Prophecy from Holy Scripture of the Second Coming of the Lord in the year 1843." Another "prophet," Joseph Chimes, had proposed in the journals "The Voice of Midnight" (1842) and "The Bell of Danger" that the Lord would come in the year 1843.

The closest disciple of Miller, a Mr. Snow, decided to add to the prophecy of Miller another seven months and ten days, predetermining the date of the Second Coming of the Lord as the tenth of October 1844. He was also put to ridicule along with his teacher. Those who believed their pronouncements spent their fortunes, handing out all they had and buying white garments and candles in order to go out and meet the Lord.

It is possible that the shop windows were even filled then with white garments for those "travelling to heaven" on the tenth of October 1844. Yet, this day passed like all others. The so-called prophets became the recipients of every kind of shame, derision and mockery from those deluded people who had scattered their fortunes trusting in the false prophecies.

From these pitiful experiences we must at least come to understand that the promise of our Saviour Jesus Christ concerning the revelation of the future by the Holy Spirit did not refer to the date of the Second Coming, as it appeared to many, but rather to prophecies pertaining to various events and signs due to come to pass in the Church. For, indeed, there have been revelations through the Holy Spirit, as we see, for example, in the Book of Revelation and other books of Holy Scripture. These revelations contain a variety of eschatological teachings (on the appearance of the Antichrist, of the false prophets, the unleashing of the persecutions of Christians), as well as the indispensable wisdom of the Apostles which enabled them to present the divine teachings when they were led to give a defence before their accusers (Mt 10:19-20). These are the future events of which the Saviour speaks in the text that you read.

Inquirer: The Apostle Paul writes: But ye, brethren, are not in darkness, that that day should overtake you as a thief. Ye are all the children of light, and the children of the day: we are not of the night, nor of darkness. (1Thess 5:4-5). From these words it follows that Christians can and should know the exact date of the Second Coming in order to be ready to accept it.

Elder Cleopa: Why have you read from only verses four and five of chapter five from First Thessalonians, leaving out verses one and two which serve to interpret verses four and five? Listen to what the Apostle Paul says there: But of the times and the seasons, brethren, ye have no need that I write unto you. For yourselves know perfectly that the day of the Lord so cometh as a thief in the night. (1 Thess 5:1-2). This is the truth to which the Christ’s Church has remained faithful. The true Church teaches, equally with the Apostle Paul, that the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night and that no one knows the day nor the hour in which the Son of Man will come.

It is possible only for the approach of the Second Coming to be known by the signs which must come before:

~ The preaching of the Gospel throughout the world. (Mt 24:15).

~ The turn of the Jews to Christianity after the preaching of the Gospel in the entire world. (2 Rom 11:25-34).

~ The appearance of the Antichrist, also called the man of iniquity or the beast, together with his representatives, pseudo-christs, false prophets, and every type of false wonder worked by the power of Satan in order to deceive the people. The Antichrist will sit in the place of God acting as if he were God and as an unrelenting beast he will pursue with all rage and furor the chosen servants of God. (1 Jn 2:18; 2Thess 2:3-11; Rev 13:1-8, 20:1-10; Mt 24:9).

~ The multiplication of wickedness and the growing cold of love between men, hatred and betrayal of one another. (Mt 24:10-12).

~ A torrent of bloodshed, wars and rumors of wars between nations, people and states. (Mt 24:6-7).

~ The appearance of calamities such as mass starvation, sicknesses, etc. (Mt 24:7-9).

~ The appearance of certain signs in the world such as the darkening of the sun and moon, the falling of stars from the sky, the passing away of heaven and earth.

~ The appearance in the heavens of the sign of the Son of Man, the True Cross, because this is the sign of victory of our Lord and no other sign so alerts us of His imminent arrival as does His Cross.

The Lord explains these signs thus: Now learn a parable of the fig tree; When his branch is yet tender, and putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is nigh. So likewise ye, when ye shall see all these things, know that it is near, even at the doors. (Mt 24:32-33).

Therefore, concerning the signs that will precede the Second Coming of the Lord, we have explanations and confirmation from the Saviour Himself, while of the exact date of His coming neither the angels nor even the Son of Man Himself, as man, are informed, but the Father alone knows.

π.Κονάνος - Χανιά 2013 -Βάλε τα λόγια του Χριστού...

Θέμα: ¨Βάλε τα λόγια του Χριστού σφραγίδα στην καρδιά σου¨ Ιερός Ναός αγίου Παντελεήμονα Χαλέπας Χανίων 17 Μαρτίου 2013